Patho Cont. Review

Front 1

P presents H/O aortic insufficiency; c CHF, good BP, what else can you expect to find?

Back 1

s3 gallop, diastolic murmur L sternal border and pulmonary rales.

Front 2

what would be most likely diagnosis for aoritc insufficiency in a P c a normal mitral valve?

Back 2

rheumatic heart disease

Front 3

p presents with carotid pulse c quick upstroke and a wide pulse pressure, most likely diagnosis ?

Back 3

Aortic Regurg.

Front 4

connective tissue that anchors a number of structures/organs that is Continuous folds of fatty tissue under and contiguous with the greater/lesser omentum?

Back 4

Messentery

Front 5

glandular structures that open into the spaces between the villi in the sm. intes.

Back 5

Crypt of Lieberkuhn

Front 6

the esophagus opens into the stomach through a small opening called the ?

Back 6

cardiac orifice

Front 7

name the layers of the tube that makes up the GI tract from inside to out

Back 7

inner luminal layer or mucosal, submucosal, circular, longitudinal, outer muscularis.

Front 8

the largest serous membrane of the body

Back 8

peritoneum; the cavity/ potential space formed between the parietal peritoneum and the visceral peritoneum.

Front 9

a filmy double fold of peritoneal membrane, extends from the stomach to cover the transverse colon and folds of intestine; protects intest. from cold, controls spread of infection by enveloping inflamed area.

Back 9

greater omentum

Front 10

continuous movements in the GI tract that can last from minutes to hours, occur at sphincters

Back 10

tonic mvmts

Front 11

the rhythmic propulsive movemments in the GI tract that occur when the smooth muscle layer constricts; forms a contractile band that forces interluminal contents forward

Back 11

peristaltic mvmts

Front 12

what controls GI function?

Back 12

enteric nervous system, parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions of the ANS.

Front 13

name the two networks of intramural neurons in the enteric nervous system, that are contained within the wall of the GI tract; are aggregates of ganglionic cells that extend along the length of the GI wall.

Back 13

myenteric and submucosal plexuses.

Front 14

what is the name of the myenteric plexus that is located between the circular muscle and longitudinal muscle layers?

Back 14

Auerbach's

Front 15

what is the name of the submucosal plexus that is between the mucosal layer and the circular layers of muscle?

Back 15

Meissner's

Front 16

a specific carrier for b12, secreted by the parietal cells of the stomach

Back 16

intrinsic factor

Front 17

enzymes secreted by the enterocytes of the sm. intestines that aid in the digestion of carbs & proteins. they adhere to the border of the villus structures.

Back 17

brush border enzymes.

Front 18

what is the major site of fat absorbtion?

Back 18

the upper jejunum

Front 19

what is the term used to describe fatty stools?

Back 19

steatorrhea

Front 20

name the enzyme precursor of pepsin that is secreted by the chief cells in response to a meal and acid pH;

Back 20

pepsinogen

Front 21

in the small intestines, what is the name of the layer of villi, a tissue, with blood vessels and lymphatic vessels?

Back 21

lamina propia

Front 22

a mucosal associated lymphatic tissue in the lamina propia (that contains the immunoglobulins, b/t lymphs, macrophages...)that is considered the immunity of the gut!

Back 22

Lacteal

Front 23

what is the primary pathway for peristalsis?

Back 23

Parasympathetic pathway! AcH is the #1 neurotransmitter responsible for it.

Front 24

True or False: the sympathetic nervous system slows down the GI tract?

Back 24

true: it is the opposite of the para/syp innervation of the heart.

Front 25

what are some of the manifestations of taking an anti-cholenergic drug??

Back 25

constipation, urinary incont., interference w/ the parasymp.

Front 26

what is the proper term for a paralytic obstruction?

Back 26

ileus

Front 27

what are some causes of ileus?

Back 27

#1 adhesions, trauma to spinal cord, drug-related ileus, peritonitis, tumor

Front 28

abnormal epithelia tissue in the colon?

Back 28

adenomatous polyps

Front 29

how do you treat active TB?

Back 29

RIPE! abx."vancomyacin" Rifampin, Isoniazid, PZA, ethambutol

Front 30

what are the most common etiologies for hepatitis?

Back 30

#1 viral (a,b,c,e) alcohol,

Front 31

what are some manifestations of peritonitis?

Back 31

guarding, abd tenderness, rebound tenderness, bulborigine. late findings: increased WBC, left shift, KUB (would see loops of bowels, fecalith etc.)

Front 32

what are the glands that begin the process of digestion?

Back 32

salivary glands; parotid, submandibular

Front 33

what are the names of the ducts that secrete the salivary glands that being the digestion process?

Back 33

wharton's and stenson's ducts

Front 34

name two digestive enzymes that breakdown foodstuffs

Back 34

amylase, lipase

Front 35

name the vitamin deficiency that produces an anemia?

Back 35

Pernicious Anemia; causes a malabsorbtion of B12 as antibodies attack intrinsic factor

Front 36

describe the enterohepatic circulation?

Back 36

reabsorbtion of bile and intrinsic factor at the terminal ileum

Front 37

what is bile made of?

Back 37

heme from hemoglobin, cholesterol, bi-carb, electrolytes

Front 38

what is the name of the digestive hormone that stimulates motility/contractility of the gall bladder, secreted by the duodenum

Back 38

CCK: cholecystokinin

Front 39

what are the two endocrine functions of the pancreas?

Back 39

secrete glucagon and insulin

Front 40

what is the term for the obstruction of bile flow?

Back 40

cholestasis.