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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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GAS
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General Adaptation Syndrome- response to stress process
General systemic rxn in rxn to stressor physical manifestations coordinated & dependent on each other alarm stage- stimulation of sympathetic NS; release of catecholamines resistance stage- body selects most effective & economic channels of defense exhaustion stage- resources depleted; systemic damage |
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Acute Stress
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reactions associated w/ autonomic NS
Manifestations: pounding headache, cold & moist skin, stiff neck facilitation of neural pathways mediating arousal, alertness, vigilance, cognition & focused attention results from psychologically/physiologically threatening events for people w/ limited coping abilities can be detrimental |
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Chronic Stress
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overwhelms ability of system to respond accurately; may be overactive/underactive
result from chronic illness, contribute to development of long-term health problems |
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Treatment of Stress
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avoid coping behaviors that impose risk to health; provide alternate stress-reducing stragegies
relaxation techniques, guided imagery, music therapy, massage, biofeedback |
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Malnutrition and Starvation
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person does not receive/unable to use adequate amt of calories & nutrients for body fxn
Primary- inadequate food intake Secondary- to disease conditions that produce tissue wasting Marasmus- loss of muscle mass & fat stores d/t inadequate food intake Manifestations: emaciated, sparse hair, depressed HR, BP & temp Kwashiorkor- protein deficiency Manifestations: edema, desquamating skin, discolored hair, enlarged abd, anorexia, apathy |
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Obesity
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BMI >30 obese, >40 morbidly obese
risk of hypertension, hyperlipedimia, DM Type II, CAD, gallbladder disease, menstrual irregularities, cancer, arthritis, sleep apnea, pulmonary dysfunction, carpal tunnel, venous insufficiency, DVT, poor wound healing Causes: imbalance b/t energy intake & energy consumption; excess body fat factors leading to development involve genotype & environmental influences Types: Upper body- w/h ratio >1.0 in men & >0.8 in females Lower body fat distribution more important for morbidity & mortality than overweight/obesity Prevention: more active lifestyle, regular low-fat meals, avoid snacking, substitution of water for calorie containing , behavior therapy; pharmacotherapy & surgery Goals: prevent further gain, reduce weight, maintain lowered body weight |
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Under-nutrition
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ranges from selective deficiency of nutrient to starvation
Diagnosis: nutritional assessment- dietary intake, antrhopometric measurements, exam, lab tests evaluation of weight, BMI Treatment: correct fluid & electrolyte abnormalities, replenish proteins, calories & micronutrients started w/ modest quantities depending on weight; vitamins & minerals |
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Anorexia Nervosa
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refusal to maintain minimal normal body weight
intense fear of gaining weight disturbance in way one's body weight/shape perceived amenorrhea many organ systems affected; loss of secondary sex characteristics, compression fractors, kyphosis, cold intolerance, failure to shiver, bradycardia, hypotension, decreased heart size, ECG changes, lanugo |
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Bulimia Nervosa
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recurrent binge eating
inappropriate compensatory behaviors self-evaluation that unduly influenced by body shape/weight disorder doesnt occur exclusively during periods of anorexia nervosa Complications: dental disorders, fluid & elecrolyte disorders, dental abnormalities, dysphagia, esophageal stricture, aspiration pneumonia, hypokalemia |
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Binge Eating
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eating rapidly
eating large ammts when not hungry eating alone b/c embarrassment disgust/guilt b/c of eating Goal: establish regular, healthy eating pattern; balanced diet, avoid high-sugar foods, exercise, daily food intake, avoiding alcohol & drugs |
