Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What are the 5 types of lipoproteins?
|
1. chylomicrons
2. VLDL 3. IDL 4. LDL 5. HDL |
|
|
What are the 2 sites of lipoprotein synthesis?
|
the small intestines and the liver
|
|
|
What is familial hypercholesterolemia?
|
an autosomal dominant disorder due to a mutation in the gene specifying the receptor for LDL, resulting in high cholesterol levels
|
|
|
What are xanthomas?
|
cholesterol deposits along tendons due to elevated cholesterol levels
|
|
|
What 3 dietary elements affect cholesterol?
|
1. excess calorie intake
2. saturated fats 3. cholesterol |
|
|
What are 5 types of medications available for treating hypercholesterolemia?
|
1. statins - block hepatic synthesis of cholesterol
2. bile acid-binding resins - (cholestyramine, colestipol, and colesevelam) 3. cholesterol absorption inhibitor agents 4. niacin 5. fibrates |
|
|
What are the various classifications of LDL according to ATP III?
|
• < 100 = optimal
• 100 - 129 = near optimal/above optimal • 130 - 150 = borderline high • 160 - 189 = high • > 190 = very high |
|
|
What are the classifications of HDL according to ATP III?
|
• < 40 = Low
• > 60 = high |
|
|
What are the classifications of total cholesterol?
|
• < 200 = desirable
• 200 - 239 = borderline high • > 240 = high |
|
|
What is the classification of serum triglycerides according to ATP III?
|
• < 150 = normal
• 150 - 199 = borderline high • 200 - 499 = high • > 500 = very high |
|
|
What are major positive risk factors for hyperlipidemia?
|
factors that increase risk for hyperlipidemia:
• age (men > 45 & women > 55) • CHD in male 1st degree relative > 55 y/o • CHD in female 1st degree relative > 65 y/o • HTN or HTN meds (beta-blockers) • low HDL • smoking |
|
|
What is a negative risk factor for hyperlipidemia?
|
factors that reduce risk for hyperlipidemia:
• high HDL ( > 60) |
|
|
What is the MOA of HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors (aka statins)?
|
inhibits enzyme that is responsible for converting HMG-CoA to Mevalonate (rate limiting step in production of cholesterol)
|
|
|
What are side effects of the statins?
|
• myalgias/arthralgias
• increased liver function tests (LFTs) |
|
|
Give examples of statins
|
• Fluvastatin (Lescol)
• Pravastatin (Pravachol) • Lovastatin (Mevacor) • Simvastatin (Zocor) • Atorvastatin (Lipitor) • Rosuvastatin (Crestor) |
|
|
What is the MOA of Bile Acid Seqestrants?
|
• binds to bile acids to disrupt enterohepatic recirculation of bile acids
• stimulates the liver to convert hepatocellular cholesterol into bile acids |
|
|
What are some risk factors for atherosclerosis?
|
• cigarette smoking
• diabetes • hypercholesterolemia • hypertension • obesity |
|
|
What are sites of severe atherosclerosis in order of frequency?
|
• abdominal aorta and iliac arteries
• proximal coronary arteries • thoracic aorta, femoral, & popliteal arteries • internal carotid arteries • vertebral, basilar, and middle cerebral arteries |
