Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Major conditions of the lungs |
Pneumonia and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
|
|
Major conditions of the heart |
myocardial infarction and congestive heart failure |
|
|
The average adult take how many breaths per minute |
12-15 = 6 million/yr |
|
|
The surface area of the lungs are approximately the same size as what |
Tennis court |
|
|
How many lobes does each side of the lungs have |
The right side has three lobes the left side has two lobes |
|
|
List the order in which air travels into the lungs |
Pharynx, larynx, trachea, brachial tubes |
|
|
where does gas exchange take place |
In small air sacs called alveoli |
|
|
What happens to the oxygen and carbon dioxide during gas exchange |
Oxygen moves into blood from alveoli to the body. carbon dioxide is removed from the blood and exhaled |
|
|
Name the protective mechanisms of the respiratory system |
1)The epiglottis, protects the lungs from foreign objects by covering the trachea during swallowing. 2)And a cough the forceful way of expelling material to keep the airways clean. |
|
|
What is the main job of the heart |
Provide needed nutrients and oxygen to all the organs of the body |
|
|
Tachycardia |
Rapid heartbeat |
|
|
What determines the amount of oxygen needed at any given time |
Activity-dependent |
|
|
Describe the flow of oxygen/blood through the heart and lungs |
1)Oxygen poor blood enters right atria from the body 2)oxygen rich blood enters left atria after leaving the lungs 3)oxygen poor blood continues to right ventricle then to the lungs to receive oxygen 4) oxygen rich blood from lungs continue to the left ventricle then to body |
|
|
Systolic |
The higher of the two numbers during blood pressure readings. Measures the amount of pressure it takes for the heart to pump blood out to the rest of the body. |
|
|
Diastolic |
Measures the resting part of the process. this is when the blood filling the heart |
|
|
What effects can high blood pressure have if left untreated |
Damage to the heart, kidneys, and other body structures |
|
|
What is considered to be prehypertensive according to the NHLBI |
120/ 80 and 139/89 |
|
|
Coronary artery disease |
Linked to arthrosclerosis a buildup of plaque made up of cholesterol fat calcium and other structures that stick to the inner lining of the arteries that are taking oxygen rich blood from the heart to the body |
|
|
Atherosclerosis |
Plaque buildup that causes a narrowing in the opening of the blood vessels does reducing the rate of oxygenated blood being delivered. |
|
|
Treatment for CAD |
medication, healthy lifestyle, or surgery |
|
|
List possible surgical procedures for CAD |
Angioplasty, coronary artery bypass grafting, and carotid endarterectomy |
|
|
Angioplasty |
A small mesh tube is inserted into the coronary artery to widen the opening thus increasing blood flow |
|
|
Coronary artery bypass grafting CABG |
Veins are arteries are harvested from other parts of the body often the leg and attached to bypass the blockage near the heart |
|
|
Carotid endarterectomy |
The carotid artery in the neck is opened to remove plaque and allow better blood flow to the brain |
|
|
Things to consider when working with a cardiopulmonary patient |
1)Know your patients precautions 2)access appropriate accurate and up-to-date information about any condition will ensure 3)be comfortable using measurement devices monitoring vitals communicate to medical team any status changes |
|
|
Pneumonia |
is an inflammation of the lung tissue caused by infection usually from bacterial viral or fungal source |
|
|
Where is the bacteria or virus causing exposure occurring |
Community is often called community-acquired pneumonia |
|
|
Aspiration pneumonia |
Caused by a foreign object entering the lungs causing infection |
|
|
What age group is pneumonia most common in |
65. The older the person with pneumonia the greater chance of hospitalization or death |
|
|
Signs and symptoms of pneumonia |
Often confused with flu starting with a cough or fever. additional symptoms include shortness of breath (dyspnea), sweating, chills, chest pain or tightness, headache, and fatigue |
|
|
Rales |
A crackling noise heard by physician when diagnosed with pneumonia. caused by increased mucus |
|
|
The severity of pneumonia is dependent upon what factors |
Infected organism and overall health and age of the patient |
|
|
Standard treatment plan for pneumonia |
Prevention with flu vaccine. Antibiotics, rest and fluid. Allowing for productive cough. temporary oxygen |
|
|
COPD |
Progressive lung condition that makes it increasingly difficult to breath. Lungs are floppy and deflated. Includes the conditions emphysema and chronic bronchitis |
|
|
Emphysema |
Alveolar walls become deflated or damaged reducing the amount of gas exchange that can occur |
|
|
Chronic bronchitis |
Bronchial tubes become inflamed and thickened making it difficult to breathe |
|
|
What is the usual cause for COPD |
Long-term inhalation of irritants. the most common being cigarette smoke. can also include air pollution, dust, or chemicals. |
|
|
In terms of the leading cause of death COPD is ranked what |
4th |
|
|
At what age are symptoms of COPD usually NOT seen |
40 or below |
|
|
Symptoms of COPD |
Persistent cough that produces alarge amount of mucus also called smokers cough, wheezing or whistling while inhaling, chest tightness, and dyspnea with exertion |
|
|
spirometry |
Test for lung function. Measures how much air is forcefully exhaled and how quickly |
|
|
Course and prognosis for COPD |
Non curable and worsens over time. heart may become enlarged . lack of oxygen to body structures leads to cognitive deficits and organ failure which can lead to death |
|
|
Treatment and prevention for COPD |
The rate of decline can be modified by quitting smoking simplifying daily task avoiding irritants getting annual flu shots managing symptoms. use of oxygen inhaled medication in oral medications such as steroids and antibiotics. or lung reduction surgery or transplant |
|
|
Congestive heart failure |
Chronic non curable condition where the heart does not beat strongly enough to maintain blood flow to the system causing organs to be oxygen deprived in the body to retain fluid |
|
|
The cause of CHF |
Infections or conditions such as heart attack damage the heart muscles but most commonly caused by CAD and hypertension |
|
|
signs and symptoms of congestive heart failure |
Shortness of breath, difficulty breathing while lying down, weight gain from fluid retention, swelling of the feet and legs, decreased urine output, general fatigue, decreased ability to focus, and occasional nausea and vomiting |
|
|
Course and prognosis |
Progresses slowly over time depriving the body of needed oxygen and eventually leading to death |
|
|
What is one of the first signs of congestive heart failure that is mistaken for being a part of the aging process |
SOB |
|
|
What changes can be made to decrease the rate of progression of congestive heart failure |
Eating right, avoiding salt, exercises regularly, avoiding smoking, and following a medical management plan |
|
|
Medications used to treat CHF |
ACE inhibitors expand blood vessels and ease the heart's work load, diuretics that help the body rid itself fluid dioxin that helps the heart contract properly |
|
|
Surgical procedures to treat CHF |
Insertion of pacemaker, angioplasty, CABG and heart valve repair or replacement |
|
|
Myocardial infarction |
Occurs when a blood vessel to the heart is blocked causing heart muscle tissue to be without oxygen resulting in damage or death to the tissue |
|
|
Causes of MI |
CAD diabetes, and high blood pressure, also age, smoking and family history |
|
|
Signs and symptoms of MI |
For men chest pain and tightness, feelings of indigestion, dizziness, shortness of breath and excessive sweating for women are less likely to have chest pain, shortness of breath, weakness and fatigue |
|
|
Testing for MI diagnosis |
coronary angiography, CT scan, electrocardiogram, echocardiogram, or MRI |
|
|
Course and prognosis for MI |
Depend on the amount of cardiac tissue that has been damaged and the length of time it takes to receive medical attention. if caught early full recovery and return to all ADLs may be possible |
|
|
MET- metabolic equivalent |
Amount of energy that an activity requires. Sedentary activities require 1.5 to 2 a METs ranging up to competitive sports requiring 11 or more METs. Used to guide treatment |
|
|
Treatment of MI |
Medications and surgeries to reestablish blood flow including one or more CABG procedure or angioplasty, beta blockers, ACE inhibitors, anticoagulants |
|
|
How are precautions determined for cardio pulmonary disorders |
Determine my diagnosis in general client health. Picasa exchange is the health status of the client changes |
|
|
Hospital acquired pneumonia |
Happens following a surgery especially abdominal or chest surgery or if the patient is in an intensive care unit or have a weakened immune system |
|
|
How is congestive heart failure diagnosed |
By observation of neck arteries distended, swollen liver note it during palpation, fluid sounds in lungs, and swelling of the feet and legs. Chest x ray, heart CT scan, echocardiogram, MRI, there is blood in urine analysis |
