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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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this motor system provides the background for the more crude supportive movementss
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Extrapyramidal system (basal ganglia)
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this motor system controls delicate muscle movement
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Pyramidal motor system; originates in the motor cortex
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what type of lesion will present with increased muscle tone and spastic paralysis
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UMN lesion (pyramidal)
ie.stroke |
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what type of lesion will present with decreased or absent muscle tone and flaccid paralysis
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LMN lesion (extrapyramidal)
ie.parkinsons |
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what does the pyramidal system consist of?
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the motor pathways from the motor cortex terminating at the corticobulbar fibers of the brainstem and corticospinal fibers in the spinal cord.
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what is one of the outstanding features of LMN lesions?
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muscle atrophy and loss of stretch reflexes
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this is an X-linked disorder producing progressive deterioration of muscle because of pseudo hypertrophy(> in muscle due to CT infiltration), atrophy,or necrosis.
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Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
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This is an autoimmune disease caused by an antibody-mediated loss of ACH receptors in the neuromuscular junction.
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Myasthenia Gravis
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what do 75% of people with myasthenia Gravis also have?
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Thymus tumor or hyperplasia; therefore T-cells are thought to have a key role
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what are some initial symptoms of Myasthenia Gravis?
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Ptosis and diplopia due to muscle weakness. Can progress to generalized weakness.
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This is a demyelinating polyneuropathy characterized by progressive ascending muscle weakness
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Guillain-Barre syndrome
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where do 90-95% of lumbar herniations occur?
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L4-S1
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what is the straight-leg test used for?
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To test for herniated disks
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this is a degenerative disorder of basal ganglia (dopamine nigrostriatal system) that results in tremor, rigidity, and bradykinesia
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Parkinson's Disease
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How do you treat Parkinson's
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Levodopa - is absorbed in the GI tract, crosses the blood-brain barrier and converted to dopamine in the brain
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this is an immune-mediated demyelinating disease of the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerve.
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Multiple sclerosis
Plaques are formed due to myelin breadown |
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what are the manifestations of MS?
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commonly affected areas:
visual speech and swallowing muscle strength gait and coordination balance |
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nerves used in pincer grasp
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Ulnar and median nerve
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which nerve allows spreading of the fingers apart
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Ulnar nerve (ennervates the interosseous muscles
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this nerve allows you to hitch-hike
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Radial nerve
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paralysis of this nerve causes wrist-drop (inability to dorsiflex)
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Radial nerve
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what is dysesthesia?
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painful sensation caused by normal stimuli
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This disease affects the neuro muscular junction and causes ptosis, lidlag and muscle weakness
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Myesthenia Gravis
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what are some causes of hemorrhagic stroke?
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Trauma
Aneurysm rupture AVM-arterial/venous malformation |
