Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
the 2 parts of the respiratory system
|
the conducting airways
the respiratory tissues of the lungs |
|
what does the conducting airways consist of?
|
the nasal passages, mouth and pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles
|
|
this part of the resp. system is made up of: pseudostratified columnar epithelium
goblet cells cilia |
The conducting airways
|
|
function of the lungs
|
gas exchange
inactivate bradykinin convert Angio I to Angio II |
|
the conducting airways are supplied with blood by?
|
the bronchial circulation
|
|
Is the intrapleural pressure is always (negative or positive) in relation to alveolar pressure?
|
always negative in relation to alveolar pressure
|
|
the normal breath sounds
|
Bronchial
Vesicular Bronchovesicular |
|
abnormal breathsounds
|
adventitious:
rhonchi wheezes rales crackles |
|
which lung cells are involved in gas exchange
|
Type I alveolar cells
|
|
which lung cells produce surfactanct?
|
Type II alveolar cells
|
|
what is tidal volume
|
the amount of air that moves into and out of the lungs during a normal breath, usually around 500ml
|
|
what is the residual volume
|
the air thatremains in the lungs after forced expiration; about 1200ml.
The RV increases with age |
|
MCC of community acquired pneumonia
|
Strep Pneumonia (gram +)
|
|
MCC of nosocomial acquired pneumonia
|
Pseudomonas (gram -)
|
|
S/Sx of strep pneumonia
|
rapid onset, productive cough, pleuritic pain, fever
|
|
name the 4 types of bronchogenic carcinoma
|
Small cell
Non-small cell: adeno large cell squamous cell |
|
organism responsible for the pneumonia assoc. with the highest morbidity & mortality in the world
|
TB
|
|
MCC of exudative pleural effusion
|
Pneumonia, TB (infectious)
|
|
MCCs of transudative pleural effusion
|
CHF, renal failure, cirrhosis;
dysfunction of large metabolic organs |
|
Clubbing of the fingers suggest?
|
chronic lung disease; related to hypoxemia
|
|
the vaccine given to prevent epiglotitis
|
HIB - Hemophylis Influenza B
|
|
MC Bacterias assoc. with sinusitis
|
pneumococcus, M.cataralis, Hemophylis, pseudomonas;
these can also cause otitis media |
|
Tx for COPD
|
corticoid steroids
B-adrenergics |
|
the term for pus in the pleural space
|
Empyema
|
|
some causes of pleural effusion
|
pancreatitis, TB, cancer, pneumonia, uremia
|
|
how does left-sided H.F affect the lungs
|
increases pulmonary venous pressure leading to acumulation of blood in the pulmonary capillary bed and causing pulmonary edema
|
|
what happens to the blood vessels in the pulmonary circulation when they are exposed to hypoxia
|
they vasoconstrict; this also occurs when the pH is low
|
|
what happens in a physiologic shunt?
|
there is mismatching of ventilation and perfusion
|
|
what happens in an anatomic shunt?
|
blood moves from the venous to the arterial side of the circulation without moving through the lungs
|
|
Hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen is increased by which factors?
|
> pH
<carbon dioxide concentration < temperature |
|
3 ways in which carbon dioxide is transported in the blood
|
dissolved carbon dioxide (10%), attached to hemoglobin (30%), and as bicarbonate (60%).
|
|
these conditions favor the release of oxygen into the tissues
|
< pH
> temperature > PCO2 |
|
The 2 receptors that control the automatic regulation of ventilation
|
chemoreceptors and lung receptors
|
|
these chemoreceptors sense changes in blood carbon dioxide content
|
Central Chemoreceptors: located in medulla, they are bathed in CSF. H+ ions in CSF provide stimulus
|
|
where are the peripheral chemoreceptors found?
|
in the carotid and aortic bodies, which are found at the bifurcation of the common carotid arteries and in the arch of the aorta,
|
|
The 3 types of lung receptors
|
stretch, irritant, and juxtacapillary receptors
|