Patho Anemia And Leukemia

Front 1

What is the alteration that anemia causes?

Back 1

A reduced oxygen carrying capacity of the blood resulting in tissue hypoxia.

Front 2

Anemia strictly speaking is a reduction in total# or volume of circulating ________or a decrease in the quality or quantity of _________.

Back 2

erythrocytes, hemoglobin.

Front 3

Anemias are classified by their _____ or by the changes in size and hbg content. -cytic refers to _____ and -chromic refers to _____.

Back 3

cause, size, hgb content

Front 4

Define. 1) anisocytosis 2) poikilocytosis 3)

Back 4

Varying sizes Various shapes

Front 5

hypoxemia means what?

Back 5

reduced oxygen level in the blood.

Front 6

Hemolysis means what?

Back 6

Destruction of red blood cells.

Front 7

Pernicious and folic acid anemias are in which classification a) Macrocytic-normochomic or b) microcytic hypochromic or c) normocytic- normochromic?

Back 7

a) Macrocytic-normochomic

Front 8

Iron deficiency and siderroblastic anemias are in which classification a) Macrocytic-normochomic or b) microcytic hypochromic c) normocytic- normochromic?

Back 8

b) microcytic hypochromic

Front 9

aplastic, posthemorrhagic, hemolytic, sickle cell, and chronic inflammation anemias are in which classification a) Macrocytic-normochomic or b) microcytic hypochromic or c) normocytic- normochromic?

Back 9

c) normocytic- normochromic

Front 10

macrocytic (megloblastic)means what in terms of cell size and Hgb content?

Back 10

Large cell size, normal Hgb.

Front 11

Macrocytic-Normochromic Anemias -Cell size and Hgb content?

Back 11

Large cells, normal Hgb.

Front 12

Microcytic-hypochromic Anemias mean what in terms of RBC size and Hgb content?

Back 12

Small size and low Hgb. .

Front 13

folate deficiency anemia-folate is needed for ___&____ synthesis within the erythrocyte.

Back 13

DNA, RNA

Front 14

folic acid deficiency anemia-is common, slow and progressive. It is a megaloblasitic anemia. What are the characteristics of the RBC's?

Back 14

inhibited RBC growth, RBC's are few, small, deformed and have a shortened life span. Depleted body stores in liver.

Front 15

Folic acid anemia risk factors.

Back 15

Alcoholism, poor diet, prolonged drug tx, pregnancy, breast feeding, malignant or intestinal diseases.

Front 16

Why is alcoholism a risk factor for folic acid anemia?

Back 16

Liver disease, you need liver to process folic acid.

Front 17

Signs and symptoms of folic acid anemia. Take a swing.

Back 17

Anorexia, shortness of breath, weakness, irritibility, nausea, glossitis.

Front 18

What is the tx for folic acid anemia?

Back 18

Folic acid supplements, well balanced diet.

Front 19

Iron deficiency anemia is a microcytic hypochromic anemia. It is common worldwide and affects what % (range) in adults in US.

Back 19

10-30%

Front 20

what is the most common type of anemia?

Back 20

Iron deficiency.

Front 21

There are 2 reasons for risk in iron deficiency anemia. 1) insufficient intake or 2) excessive use. What are some reasons for each.

Back 21

Insufficient intake-vegatarian diet, macrobiotic diet, substance abuse, chronic or significant weight loss. Excessive use-heavy or long periods, rapid growth, pregnancy or breast feeding. Used of nsaids or corticosteroids. Parasitic infections, frequent blood donations.

Front 22

Who does iron deficiency anemia affect?

Back 22

Premenopausal women, premies, teen girls, children.

Front 23

Fatigue, headache, tachycardia, coarse ridged, spoon shaped(aka,Kiolonychia) brittle thin nails. Sore red tongue. Sore dry skin on corners of mouth. Blue tinge to sclerae are Signs and symptoms of which anemia?

Back 23

iron deficiency anemia

Front 24

iron deficiency anemia tx is what?

Back 24

Oral iron replacement w/ ascorbic acid.

Front 25

pernicious anemia means what in terms of RBC's?

Back 25

Inhibited RBC growth, deformed RBC's, impairs myelin function and have low Hgb content.

Front 26

Which anemia is caused by malabsorption of vitamin B12. It is characterized by 1) a lack of ____ _____ which is needed to absorb B12 2) widespread RBC destruction (hemolysis). If not treated it can be fatal.

Back 26

Pernicious, intrinsic factor

Front 27

these signs and symptoms which include disruptions in GI tract, Neurological impairments and cardiovascular are from what type of anemia?

Back 27

Pernicious.

Front 28

Who is at risk for pernicious anemia?

Back 28

Older adults, people with genetic predisposition, immunologic diseases.

Front 29

Parenteral (injection/IV) vitamin B12 replacement is the treatment for which anemia?

Back 29

pernicious.

Front 30

Sideroblasitic Anemia is inefficient _____ uptake resulting in abnormal ________ synthesis.

Back 30

Iron, Hgb.

Front 31

acquired SA cause?

Back 31

None known.

Front 32

Hereditary SA is rare and occurs almost elusively among which sex?

Back 32

males

Front 33

Reversible SA is associated with _________ results from nutritional deficiencies of folate.

Back 33

Alcoholism.

Front 34

Hemosiderosis is iron ________

Back 34

overload

Front 35

hypoplasitc anemia is a deficiency of the ____cells in the marrow.

Back 35

stem

Front 36

Phlebotomy is the ________ of blood from _________.

Back 36

removal, circulation.

Front 37

myelodysplasitc syndrome is abnormal ________ proliferation.

Back 37

marrow

Front 38

Normocytic-Normochromic anemias (NNAas) are what in terms of cell size and Hgb content?

Back 38

Normal cell size and Hgb but are insufficient in number.

Front 39

Alterations of Leukocyte Function can be from a __________ Alterations of Leukocytes meaning change in # of leukocytes or Qualitative Alterations of Leukocytes.

Back 39

quantitative

Front 40

Leukemia is an abnormal proliferation of what?

Back 40

lymphocytes and nonlymphocytic cells.

Front 41

Acute leukemia is characterized by _______ or immature cells usually in a _____ cell. In chronic leukemia the predominant cell is ____ _____ but does not ________ ________.

Back 41

Undifferentiated, blast cell, more mature, function properly.

Front 42

Acute Leukemia about what % arise from the B cell line and what % from T cell line?

Back 42

85% B, 15% T

Front 43

Acute Leukemia onset and survival time.

Back 43

Abrupt and rapid, shorter.

Front 44

Chronic Leukemia life expectancy is _______.

Back 44

longer than with acute.

Front 45

Acute leukemia is treated with ________.

Back 45

chemotherapy, and supportive measures including blood transfusions, antibiotics, antifungals and antivirals.

Front 46

Treatment for chronic leukemia is __________.

Back 46

bone marrow transplants, biologic response modifiers and combo chemotherapy.

Front 47

RBC disorders Anemia which is ? Polycthemia which is?

Back 47

Anemia-too few RBC, polychthemia too many RBC

Front 48

WCB disorders 1) leukopenia which is ? 2) Neutropenia which is? 3) Lymphocytopenia is?

Back 48

1) too few WBC. 2) too few neutrophils 3) too few lymphyocytes.

Front 49

Platelet disorders. Thrombocytopenia is what? Thrombocytosis is what? Thrombocytopathy is what?

Back 49

1) too few platelets. 2) too many platelets 3) dysfunctional platelets.

Front 50

Leukocytosis vs leukopenia.

Back 50

Leukocytosis is decreased WBC can be normal (after a meal) or abnormal (infections). Leukopenia is abnormally decreased number of WBC.

Front 51

Leukemic cell is an abnormal cell that crowds out normal RBC, WBC and platelets leading to Pancytopenia which means what?

Back 51

Too few RBC, too few WBC and too few platelets.

Front 52

What leukemia accounts for 80% of all childhood leukemias?

Back 52

Acute lymphocytic.

Front 53

Risk factors for leukemia. List 3 main ones.

Back 53

1) smoking, 2) exposure to certain chemicals esp. benzene that is in cigarette smoke and gasoline. 3) exposure to large doses of radiation. ex. Cancer treatment.

Front 54

Which leukemia is from abnormal growth of lymphocytes?

Back 54

Acute lymphocytic

Front 55

Which leukemia is from Uncontrollable spread of small, abnormal lymphocytes in lymph tissue, blood and bone marrow?

Back 55

Chronic lymphocytic

Front 56

Which leukemia is from Rapid accumulation of myeloblasts?

Back 56

Acute myelogenous

Front 57

Which leukemia is from Abnormal overgrowth of myeloblasts, metamyelocytes and myelocytes in bone marrow, blood and body tissue?

Back 57

Chronic myelogenous.

Front 58

Here is a list of signs and symptoms. Tell me which illness? Anemia, fatigue, fever, weight loss, bleeding?

Back 58

Acute (either lymphocytic or myelogenic)

Front 59

Here is a list of signs and symptoms. Tell me which illness? Anemia, fatigue, fever, weight loss, nodes enlarged?

Back 59

Chronic lymphocytic

Front 60

Here is a list of signs and symptoms. Tell me which illness? Anemia, fatigue, fever, weight loss, Prolonged infections, weight loss, kidney stones

Back 60

chronic myelogenic.

Front 61

Here is a list of signs and symptoms. Tell me which illness? Anemia, fatigue, fever, weight loss, liver/spleen enlargement.

Back 61

chronic lymphocytic

Front 62

people who have _____ syndrome and trisomy 13 are at a higher risk for developing _____leukemia.

Back 62

Downs, acute

Front 63

Leukemias are classified in 2 ways 1) _____ or chronic.2) lymphocytic or _______.

Back 63

Acute, Mylogenous