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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does an increase of H+ ions do
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leads to acidity
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what does a decrease of H+ ions do
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leads to alkalinity
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HCO3-
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Bicarbonate, most abundant base in the body
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PH is what
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a negative logarithm
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Normal PH
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7.35-7.45
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Neutral Ph
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7
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carbonic acid
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H2CO3 this with the bicarbonater buffer system neutralizes hydrochloric acid
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metabolic acid
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decreased HCO3
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what are some types of acids produced by the cells
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Lactic acid
Stomach acid Ketoacidosis |
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What are the roles of buffers in acid base homeostasis
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the buffer system is the fastest acting system and the primary regulator of acid and base balance
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what do buffers do
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they neutralize strong acids chemically changing strong acids into weak acids
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How does the respiratory system help in the regulation of acid base homeostasis
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they secrete CO2 and H2o which are byproducts of cellular metabolism
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What are the renal contributions to acid base homeostasis
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they rabsorb and conserve all the bicarbonate they filter, the kidneys can generate additional bicarbonate and eliminate excess H+ ions, usually urine is acidic about 6ph
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Acidosis
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Process that adds acid or eliminates base from body fluids
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acidemia
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signifying an arterial blood phof less than 7.35
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Alkalosis
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Process that adds base or eliminates acid from the body
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Alkalemia
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Signifying an arterial blood ph of more than 7.45
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Compensation versus correction of acid base imbalances
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Compensation is when your body adjust using the buffer system, respiratory system or renal system to compensate for changes is PH this is happening all of the time
Correction would include replacement therapy like IV fluids or medicatioins |
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Respiratory acidosis
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carbonic acid excess occurs when there is hypoventilation because it results in the build up of CO2 the carbonic acid liberates H ions causing acidosis
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Respiratory alkalosis
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occurs with hyperventilation when you blow off too much CO2 you have a bicarbonate deficit CO2 levels are a dirrect reflection of bicarb levels
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Metabolic acidosis
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Base bicarbonate deficit, this occures when an acid other than carbonic acid accumulates in the body or when bicarbonate is lost from fluids
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Metabolic alkalosis
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base bicarbinate excess, occurs from prolonged vomitting or gastric suctioning
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Mixed acid base imbalances
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This occurs when two or more disorders are presant at the same time, the PH will depend on the type a good example is cardiopulmonary arrest
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What happens to the acid base balance during cardiopulmonary arrest
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hypoventilatioin elevates the CO2 levels and anaerobic metabolism due to decreased perfusion produces lactic acid. pt will become severely acidotic
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What are the clinicle manifestations of acidosis
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Drowsiness
Disorientation dizziness H/A Coma decreased blood pressure Dysrhythmias related to hyperkalemia from compensation seizures from respiratory and nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and abd pn form metabolic Deep rapid respirations to try to blow off the co2 |
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What are the clinicle manifestations of alkalosis
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confusion, dizziness, irritability
tachycardia, dysrhythmias related to hypokalemia from compensations. Nausea, vomiting Tetany, numbness, tingling of extremities , tremors , cramps in the muscles, hyperflexia, |
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If the HCO3 is low in an ABG the patient has what
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metabolic acidosis
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where is metabolic acidosis compensated for.
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Metabolic acidosis is compensated for in the lungs, as increased exhalation of carbon dioxide promptly shifts the buffering equation to reduce metabolic acid
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If the PaCO2 is low in an ABG what does this indicate
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Respitory alkalosis
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What is the normal values for base excess in an ABG test
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+- 2.0
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what is normal venous o2 saturation
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60 to 85 %
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What should the range be between CA, carbonic acid and BB, base bicarbonate
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BB 20 to CA 1
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