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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Most common malignancy of the vulva |
squamous cell carcinoma |
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most common soft tissue sarcoma in childhood |
Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma (ERMS) - can be found in head/neck, upper/ lower extremities, retroperitoneum or GI tract. |
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What is a partial mole VS a complete mole? |
Partial mole: 2 sperm fertilize one egg = 69 chromosomes Complete mole: 2 sperm only = 46 paternal chromosomes |
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what is the best lab marker for determining menopause? |
FSH levels (increased + LH increased) |
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What lab marker increases in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)? |
Increased LH (more testosterone - get hairy) |
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what types pf HPV carry a high risk of malignancy? |
HPV type 16 and 18. |
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What are the classifications of the Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasm (CIN) types I-III? |
CIN I - mild dysplasia of lower 1/3 of epithelium CIN II - moderate dysplasia of lower 2/3 of epithelium CIN III - severe dysplasia of FULL thickness of epithelium. |
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IntERlobular stroma VS. IntRAlobular stroma |
Interlobular - separates one lobule from the other. Intralobular - encloses each lobule. |
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Mastitis (Lactational mastitis) |
fever and malaise that occurs in breastfeeding women. Localized and painful. |
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Which are non-invasive (in situ) carcinoma? |
IntRAductal carcinoma and lobular carcinoma in situ. |
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Triple negative breast cancer |
When there is absent expression of ER (estrogen receptor), PR (progesterone receptor) and HER2 (human epidermal growth receptor) - very aggressive and most likely can only use chemo as tx. |
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Gynecomastia |
hypertrophy of the male breast (when have increased estrogen, kleinfelter syndrome, chronic liver disease and testicular conditions in general). |
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Eisenmengar syndrome |
when blood is being pumped from left to right and then reverses from right to left. |
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which is described as the artery of sudden death? |
Left anterior descending artery obstruction. |
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stable VS. unstable angina |
stable angina - pain upon physical activity unstable angina - pain upon little or no physical activity. |
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STEMI vs. NSTEMI heart attack |
STEMI - when the baseline on the ECG is elevated NSTEMI - when the baseline on the ECG is decreased |
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In developed countries, rheumatic fever follows what bacteria? |
Pharyngeal infection with rheumatogenic group A strep. 0.3-3% chance |
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Acute rheumatic fever (ARF) is developed after being exposed to what bacteria repeatedly? |
Group A Strep |
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what accounts for the tissue injury that occurs in rheumatic fever? |
Molecular mimicry |
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What are the symptoms of Acute Rheumatic Fever (ARF)? |
Sore throat, symmetrical arthritis, Tenosynovitis (Disseminated gonococcal disease), syndehm chorea. |
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What is the major diagnostic criteria for ARF? |
carditis, polyarthritis, chorea, erythema/ edema. Make sure to confirm that there is fever, previous rheumatic fever, strep etc. |
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Which 'bodies' are very specific to rheumatic fever? |
Aschoffs bodies (small giant cell granulomas) |
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What are the symptoms of Endocarditis? |
Osler nodes - raised lesions on fingers Roth spots - pale lesions in the retina surrounded by hemorrhage Janeway lesion - lesions in the palm Splinter hemorrhages in the nail beds. |
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What is the most characteristic cardiac manifestation of SLE? |
Marantic endocarditis or Libman-Sacks endocarditis. *NON-BACTERIAL endocarditis |
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What is the most common type of myocarditis? |
Viral |
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Transudate VS. Exudate |
Transudate - extracellular fluid as a result of increased fluid pressure or low oncotic pressure Exudate - inflammatory fluid |
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What type of cancer possesses a propensity for cardiac metastasis? |
Melanoma *note: secondary cardiac tumors are 100X higher incidence than primary cardiac tumors. |
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Acute abdominal pain and diarrhoea and silent stomach sounds may indicate what - and is a serious condition? |
Acute Peritonitis |
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What is Atresia? |
Failure of embryological canalization of the proximal esophagus and the trachea. |
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Hiatus Hernia? |
protrusion of the upper part of the stomach into the thorax |
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Mallory Weiss Syndrome VS. Boerhaave syndrome? |
Mallory Weiss - rupture of the esophageal mucoda Boerhaave - rupture of the whole thickness of the esophageal wall. |
