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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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another name for cell death?
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Atuolysis
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What is necrosis?
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activating a pathway that is not pre-programmed but kills cell anyway
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List the things that cause cell death
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Coagulative necrosis, Liquefactive necrosis, caseous necrosis, fat necrosis gangrenous necrosis and gas
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What is apatosis?
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thought to be a pre-preprogrammed pathway to kill cells. Once activated, cannot be stopped.
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Explain Coagulative necrosis
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coagulation- denatures proteins, hypoxia is cause- happens on most cells of the body
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explain liquefactive necrosis
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caused by hypoxia in the central nervous system, bacterial or fungus infections. cause healthy cells to be ingested and what is left is like liquid
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what is caseous necrosis
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combined coagulative and liquefactive necrosis affecting mostly brain and heart
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explain gangrenous necrosis
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caused by hypoxia, dry gangrene-coagulative necrosis, wet gangren-liquifactive necrosis. can happen internally and externally
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Explain fat necrosis
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breaking down of fat or fatty acids (crucial part of cell membrane) mostly affects breast and pancreas
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explain gas necrosis
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affects muscle tissue caused by gas elements being released by a bacteria- causes cell death
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What does the inflammatory response NOT have to include?
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Immune system, inflammatory response can occur without stimulating the immune system
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what are the steps of acute inflammation?
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immediate response, arterioloes dialate,
edema and swelling, blood becomes thicker leukocytes migrate to area accumulate cells and protein macrophages clean site |
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What are the main systems of the inflammatory response?
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Complement system
Clotting system Kinin-bradykinin system |
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What does the complement system do?
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it is the mediator made up of 10 proteins, activated by antigen/antibody complex or activated by endotoxins
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What does the clotting system do?
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prevents spread
keeps bad guys localized forms clot-activated by intrinsic or extrinsic pathway |
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What does the Kinin-bradykinin system do?
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dialates blood vessels
induces pain contracts smooth muscle increases permeability |
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What is the one enzyme that controls or activates the entire inflammatory system?
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C1 esterase inhibitor, except for hereditary angioneurotic edema-very bad due to continued inflammatory response
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Explain alcohol metabolism and alcoholics can have trouble
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see drawing
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What does degranulation mean?
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releasing some chemicl mediator causing pain, drawing cells to site, dialatin blood vessels, etc.
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Name the granulocytes and how prevelant they are as luekocytes
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neutrophils- 55-70%
eosinophils 2-5% parasite defense basophils <1% release histamine |
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Name the agranulocytes and what % they are of leukocytes
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monocytes 5-8% )macrophage and monocyte- leave blood, invade tissue
Lymphocytes- B-cells and T-cells usually not active unless chronic inflammation |
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What are mast cells
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Leukocytes that release mediators
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What do the T and B cells do?
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Cause Pus formation
Tissue scarring cell infiltration |
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What happens in chronic inflammation?
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Neutrophil degranulation
activation of T and B cells (lymphocytes) Fibroblast activation |
