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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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characteristics of COPD
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hypoxemia (decreased O2 in blood)
hypercapnia (increased CO2 in blood) diffusion block shunt effect (venous return / cardiac output imbalance) cyanosis chest pain dyspnea (short of breath) digital clubbing |
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arterial blood gases
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aterial pO2 (80-100mmHg)
arterial pCO2 (35-45mmHg) |
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hemoglobin O2 saturation
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SaO2 (95-100%)
how much of blood is saturated with O2 in comparison to how much it can hold |
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respiratory acidosis
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pH of body fluids (7.35-7.45)
COPD- decreased pH of body fluids (excessive carbonic acid in blood) |
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hypoventilation
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retain higher amounts of CO2
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Bronchial Asthma characteristics
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hyperactive airway disease (things trigger airway constriction)
reversible (unike emphysema and chronic bronchitis) wheezing (rhonchus) |
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deaths due to Asthma
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5000 per year
(10,000,000 in US have asthma) |
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Asthma common triggers
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house dust mites
cigarette smoke cockroaches hyperthyroidism exercised induced emotional distress cold air allergens (mold spores, pollen) idiopathic |
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asthma pathogenesis
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smooth muscle spasm (hyperactivity, airways spasm and become smaller, less passageway for air to move)
mucosal edema (airways are swollen and inflamed) increased bronchial secretions (secretions get stuck in airways) |
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asthma S&S
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perspiration
flared nostrils wheezing flushing cough respiratory distress dyspnea use of accesory respiratory muscles apprehension tachycardia cyanosis diminished breath sounds |
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intrinsic asthma
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no childhood history
not IgE induced - no allergens chronic sinusitis, nasal polyps exercise induced no family history gastroephageal reflux disease |
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extrinsic asthma
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allergen provoked
IgE mediated exercise induced cold temperature induced |
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mixed asthma
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intrinsic and extrinsic components
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pathophsiologic mechanism
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inhalation of allergen
attachment to mast cell IgE mast cell degranulation histamine, SRS-A, leukotrienes asthma |
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status asthmaticus
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severe
intractable rapid breathing - pCO@ falls (early on CO2 levels fall, blowing off too much CO2) hypocapnea (low levels of CO2) fatigue and exhaustion (using accessory muscles to ventilate) breathing slows pCO2 rises (build up CO2) hypercapnea (high levels of CO2) |
