Pathfit Handout 3

Front 1

Cardiovascular system

Back 1

keeps the blood circulating when tissue cells take in nutrients from and excrete metabolic by-products such as lactic acid and carbon dioxide to their immediate environment.

Front 2

Cardiovascular system

Back 2

This system ensures a continuous supply of oxygen and nutrients and preventspollution from the build-up of wastes

Front 3

right atrium from the superior and inferior vena cava

Back 3

Step 1. Waste carrying, oxygen-poor blood enter through the _____ from the ____ and ____

Front 4

right atrium into the right ventricle

Back 4

Step 2. Blood flows from the ____ into the ____; from there it is pumped through the pulmonary arteries into the lungs.

Front 5

lungs, picks up oxygen and discards carbon dioxide, from pulmonary veins to left atrium

Back 5

Step 3. In the ___, blood picks up ____ and discards ____ ; it then flows through pulmonary veins into the ____

Front 6

left atrium, left ventricle; aorta

Back 6

Oxygen-rich blood flows from the ___ into the ____; from there it is pumped through ___ into the rest of the body's blood.

Front 7

Heart; superior atria, inferior ventricle

Back 7

The ____ has four chambers: two superior ____ and two inferior ____

Front 8

right-pulmonary, left-systemic

Back 8

right side of the heart is the ____ circuit pump while the left side of the heart is the ____ circuit pump.

Front 9

pulmonary circuit, right ventricle

Back 9

The _____ circuit, served by _____, is a short, low-pressure circulation.

Front 10

systemic circuit, left ventricle

Back 10

the ____ circuit, associated with the ____, takes a long pathway through the entire body and encounters great resistance to blood flow

Front 11

left ventricle

Back 11

which side of the ventricle can generate much pressure and more powerful pump?

Front 12

pulse

Back 12

The alternating expansion and recoil of elastic arteries during each cardiac cycle creates a pressure wave which is felt as the?

Front 13

by compressing an artery against firm tissue

Back 13

how does heart can be counted?

Front 14

lungs

Back 14

main organs of the respiratory system.

Front 15

stroke volume

Back 15

The amount of blood pumped out with each contraction

Front 16

heart rate

Back 16

The frequency at which the heart beats or contracts

Front 17

cardiac outpit

Back 17

refers to the heart’s ability to pump out blood every minute. The product of stroke volume and heart rate.

Front 18

15-20% & 80-85%

Back 18

At rest, only ___ percent the cardiac output goes to the muscles. During the intense exercises, the muscle receives ____% of the cardiac output.

Front 19

VO2 max

Back 19

the best way to quantitatively measure the cardiorespiratory endurance.

- it refers to the maximum amount of oxygen your body can transport and utilize during maximum exercise.

Front 20

How do we assess Cardiorespiratory Endurance?

Back 20

The Queens College step test is also known as the McArdle Step Test.

Front 21

Rockport 1-mile walk test.

Back 21

recommended for those who are unable to run because of low fitness. walk for 1 mile or 4 laps (400m track)

add walking time/60

Front 22

1.5 mile run test

Back 22

for individuals who are able to jog continuously for 15 minutes. complete 1.5 miles or 6 laps. walking time/60

formula: VO2 max = 3.5+ (483.time)

Front 23

Cooper test

Back 23

The 12 - minute walk /run test requires you to cover the maximum distance in 12 minutes by walking, running, or combination of both.

VO2 max = (distance in meters-504.9)/44.73

Front 24

Cardiorespiratory fitness according to maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max)

Back 24

Front 25

Assessing exercise intesity

Back 25

It reflects the level of difficulty of an exercise or how much effort one exerts during exercise

Front 26

heart rate

Back 26

Assessing Exercise Intensity.

- when performing low to moderate exercise there is a linear relationship between this. increase in heart rate & increase in oxygen

Front 27

Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE/BORG scale)

Back 27

sometimes called the Borg Scale (Borg, 1982), was design by Dr. Gunner Borg in order to indicate one’s level of perceived physical effort. It avoids the need to stop and count heart rate during exercise. The original scale was based on numerical (6-20) and descriptive associations (light to hard) of fatigue or exertion

Front 28

Talk test

Back 28

useful in determining a “comfort zone” of aerobic intensity

Front 29

Metabolic Equivalent (MET)

Back 29

physiological measure of the amount of oxygen consumed while sitting at rest and is equal to 3.5 ml O2 per kg body weight per minute.

Front 30

Calorie expenditure

Back 30

used to measure the cost of energy expenditure of physical activities. The more work we do, the more energy we expend and that more calories we use

Front 31

Muscular system.

contractility, elasticity, extensibility, excitabiltity

Back 31

are classified into cardiac, skeletal (striated, or striped in appearance and voluntary), and smooth (non-striated and involuntary).

They all possess the following

__ generate force to produce movement;

__to resume original length after being stretch

__to stretch beyond resting length

__respond to stimulus;

Front 32

Muscle contraction

Back 32

forms the basis for understanding how it contracts. It is composed of individual fibers bond together by a sheath of connective tissues.

Front 33

Dynamic

Back 33

a type of muscular contraction where it refers to change in the length of the muscle when it applies force as a result of cross bridge activity

Front 34

short-concentric; long-eccentric

Back 34

When the muscle applies force as it shortens, the contraction is referred to as ____ When it lengthens, it is referred toas _____

Front 35

static or isometric contraction

Back 35

produces significant force without any considerable change in the length of the muscle. An example of this contraction is plank position, where the core hip, and leg muscles are contracting.

Front 36

Assessing muscular fitness

Back 36

integrates not just muscular strength, but also muscular endurance, and flexibility. Muscle strength, or the maximal force that can be generated, is specific to the muscle group tested , the type of contraction, and the angle of the joint. Thus, there is no single test for muscle strength because of these various specific considerations. One-repetition maximum or 1