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103 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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dentigerous cyst
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cell "rests" of Malassez
may develop fistula Heterotropic "ear" tooth in horses |
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Cheiloschisis
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hairlip
incomplete fusion of skin and of bones of frontonasal and maxillary processes of maxillary bones |
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Palatoschiosis
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cleft palate
Siamese/Abyssininan Charolais calves Veratrum californicum. Griseofulvin, Primates treated w/steroids during gestation |
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feline external resorptive neck lesion
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middle-older age cats
immediately below gumline staged 1-5 not associated w/dental dz |
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dental plaque
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non-mineralized mass of bacteria adhered to enamel -> gingivitis & peridontal dz
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Tartar - dental calculus
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rough, brown mineralized bacT plaque
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Ulcerative gingivitis (trench mouth)
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primates, some puppies
spirochete, Borrelia vincentii |
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enamel hypoplasia
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ameloblasts
Canine Distemper BVD Tetracycline |
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Enamel dysplasia
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chronic fluoride toxicosis
Accelerated wear |
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Abnormal tooth pigments
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hereditary porphyria (pink)
Chronic F toxicosis (black) Tertracyclien (brown) |
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GIngival hyperplasia
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non-neoplastic thickened gingiva
2 to chronic inflammation/peridontitis Brachycephalic breeds/boxers |
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Fibromatous epulis of peridontal ligament origin
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densely cellular fibrous conn. tissue
fleshy, firm, focal can have spicules of bone |
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Acanthomatous ameloblastoma
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malignant tumor odontogenic cells from rests of Malassez
infiltrate and destroy tissue |
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fibrinonecrotic
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diptheritic membrane
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"Indolent/rodent" ulcer of cats
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indolent = firm ulcer
upper lip > lips, gingiva, tongue palate other breeds: young dogs (Husky) usually on tongue, eosinophillic granuloma |
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Vesicular stomatitis
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Path: Rhabdovirus invades epithelial cells -> hydroic & spongiform degeneration -> rupture of epithelial cells -> vesicle (acute) -> ulcer
Pigs, Ruminants > Horses |
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Pemphigus vulgaris
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Tombstone
dogs & cats autoAb to intercellular bridges in stratum spinosum easy to rupture |
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Bullous pemphigoid
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dogs, cats, horses
autoAb to basal cells |
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Ulcerative stomatitis: ruminants
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Vesicular causes
BVD(pestivirus), MCF(Herpes), IBR(Herpes), bluetongue(Orbivirus), rinderpest (Paramyxo) |
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Ulcerative stomatitis: horses
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Equine herpesvirus 1 (rhinopneumonitis)
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Ulcerative stomatitis: sheep
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Bluetongue virus
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Ulcerative Stomatitis: monkey
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Herpes T & B
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Ulcerative Stomatitis: Feline
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Feline Herpesvirus 1 (rhinotracheitis) &
Calicivirus-more ulcerative |
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Ulcerative stomatitis: healing
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pale, slightly depressed foci on the mucosa
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Ulcerative stomatitis: sequelae
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2nd bacT infection: Fusobacterium necrophorum
Fibrinonecrtotic stomatitis: calf diptheia |
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Other Ulcerative stomatitis causes
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Feline Eosinophilic complex
uremia (dogs) foreign bodies vit. C def. (primates, guinea) |
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Proliferative stomatitis
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Contagious ecthyma: sheep&goats
Papular stomatitis: cattle both zoonotic Raised lesion w/umbilicus in the middle |
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Pox virus Pathogenesis
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Pox virus infect epithelial cells in stratum spinosum -> hydropic degeneration & proliferation -> exudation of neutrophils and serum -> pustules and crusts
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Contagious ecthyma locations
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lips, face, nares, oral cavity, teats, coronary bands of feet
sometimes esophagus & forestomachs |
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Pseudomembranous stomatitis features and cause
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can be removed
covers underlying mucosa Candida albicans: young or immunosuppressed individuals, antibiotic therapy |
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Fibrinonecrotic (diptheritic) stomatitis
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Adhered to mucosa
calf diptheria from Fusobacterium necrophorum |
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Supparative/pyogranulomatous stomatitis
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Deep lesions in soft tissues
Actinobacillus lignieresi: cow Foreign bodies: dogs/cats Fibrosis:Splendore-Hoeppli |
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Papilloma description
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cauliflower, regresses spontaneously w/immunity
benign oral cavity, esophagus dogs, cattle, horses |
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melanoma
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malignant tumor of melanocytes
pink to black nodules |
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Squamous cell carcinoma
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cats:tongue & gingiva
dogs: tonsil and gingival granular, ulcerative, cauliflower-like |
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Fibrosarcoma
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young dogs
malignant: locally invasive gingiva |
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Ranula
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dilated sublingual or submaxillary salivary gland duct seen on the floor of the mouth in dogs
lined by epithelium can contain sialolith |
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Sialocysts
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distended cyst ruptured salivary duct
not lined by epithelium brown mucinous content |
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Sialoadenitis
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salivary gland inflammation
RABIES |
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Idiopathic megaesophagus
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dilated, food-filled esophagus throughout length
neurological deficit? -> flaccid -> failure to propulse -> accumulate -> megaesophagus -> regurgitate shortly after eating |
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Persistent Right aortic arch
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dogs >> cats
vascular ring entraps esophagus |
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Vitamin A deficiency can cause...
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squamous metaplasia in birds
look for plaques in the mouth/esophagus |
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Obstructions for esophagus
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External compression
Stenosis - inflammatio Intraluminal mass "choke" |
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Sequelae to obstruction
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Ruminal tympany
Pulsion diverticulum Pressure necrosis: stricture or rupture |
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Bloat line
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pathognomonic for antemortem ruminal tympany
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Pulsion diverticulum
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mucosa herneates thru muscularis creating a mucosa-lined subserosal sac
paraesophagitis esophageal-trachea fistula rupture |
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Ulcerative esophagititis causes
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same as ulcerative stomatitis
reflux: near lower esophageal sphincter |
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Postmortem changes of forestomachs
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ruminal tympany
maceration of mucosa |
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Ruminal tympany
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gaeous distention of the rumen
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Primary bloat
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Pasture bloat: soluable proteins stabilized foam
Feedlot bloat: high CHO, stabilizes foam -> rumen acidosis creates ruminlal atony and decreased eructation |
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Secondary bloat
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free ruminal gas is trapped in rumen due to physical or functional failure
obstruction, nerve damage, bucket-fed calves, poor quality roughage |
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Lesions for anetmortem
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Foam: disappears after 10-12 hours
congestion, hemorrhages, edema in tissues bloat line pale tan liver, atelectasis of lungs |
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3 mechanisms for death by rumen acidosis
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pH < 5
increased osmotic pressure -> shock from loss of blood volume absorption of D-lactate -> metabolic acidosis |
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Sequelae of Rumen acidosis
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ruminal ulcers
laminitis polioencephalomalacia: reduced thiamine production from ruminal flora |
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Ruminal ulcer invaders
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Fusobacterium necrophorum
Arcanobacterium pyogenes Fungi: thrombosis from invading blood vessels |
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antemortem rupture
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hemorrhage and inflammation
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Septicemia venous infarction swine
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salmonellosis, E. coli, erysipelas, HC, Glasser's dz
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Venous infarction pathogenesis
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septicemia -> 2nd fundic hemoorhage, thrombosis, and venous infarct of stomach
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Gastric venours infarction of Horses & Ruminants
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Salmonellosis
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Edema dz in pigs
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E. coli secretes protein Toxin 2e -> vascular damage to arterioles -> submucosal gelatinous edema in "selected tissues"
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Tissues for edema dz
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palpebral, sprial colon, gastric
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Catarrhal gastritis in dogs
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Garbage can ingestion
Canine distemper/ICH caustic materials stomach worms red mucosa w/excess mucus |
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Granulomatous gastritis
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Draschia megastoma
nodules near margo plicatus |
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Necrotic abomasitis in young calves
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Clostridium perfrigens A/Sarcina
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Hemorrhagic Abomasitis
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Sheep: Clostridium septicum
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Eosinophilic gastritis: Dogs,cats horses
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Idiopathic
1. parasites-focal 2.hypersensitivty-diffuse 3.scirrhous |
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Chronic Hyperplastic gastritis/abomastitis
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parasites: cattle,horses
idiopathic: resembling cerebral gyri |
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Hyperplastic gastritis in horses & Cattle
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Focal: Habronema
Diffuse: T. axei "cobblestone" Cattle (nodules): ostertagia |
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Causes of Pyloric Stenosis
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1. Pyloric muscular hypertrophy
2. Chronic hypertrophic pyloric gastrophy |
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Gastric ulceration location and cause of dog
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pyloric region
duodenum stress, mast cell tumor, pancreatic secreting gastrin tumor, NSAIDS |
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Gastric ulceration location and cause of horse
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esophageal region
MP pyloric region stress, NSAIDS (right dorsal colon 2) |
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Gastric ulceration location and cause of cow
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pyloric region
stress, BVD |
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Gastric ulceration location and cause of pig
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esophageal region of stomach
stress, feed of fine consistency or anorexia |
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Gastric ulcer pathogenesis
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insult -> mucosal necrosis -> autodigestion -> ULCER
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Gastric neoplasms
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Squamous cell carcinoma, desmoplasia is common: horses
Lymphoma: cattle Adenocarcinoma: mostly in dogs |
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Postmortem changes of intestine
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Maceration of mucosa: 20-30min.
Tympany False intussusception imbibition of Hb |
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Congenital Anomalies of intestine
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Segmental atresia
Equine colonic agangliosis: white foals, lack of submucosal or myenteric ganglia |
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ileus
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obstruction: functional or physical
All species: Horse!! Colic, anorexia, reflux |
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Neurogenic obstruction"ileus" patho
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lack of effective inervation ->atony of bowel -> feed accumulates -> obstruction of bowel
thin walled bowel |
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Neurogenic obstruction"ileus" causes
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peritonitis
postsx chronic distention idiopathic in old horses |
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Stenosis ileus
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thick walled bowel
postsx scar neoplasm in wall (desmoplasia) scarring following enteritis Salmonella typhimuium in pigs |
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Luminal obstruction ileus
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Foreign bodies
Enteroliths: laminated mineral Trichobezoars Phytotrichobezoars Parasites Colonic impactions |
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linear luminal obstruction
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accordian like grossly
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External compression ileus
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pedunculated lipomas
peritoneal adhesions abscess tumor abdominal fat necrosis |
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Internal & External hernias
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displacement of a portion of the intestine thru a normal or pathogenic foramen
there is a sac around it |
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Eventration
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same as hernia, but NO serosal sac
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common occurence of intestinal twist in a horse
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torsion of large colon
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common occurence of intestinal twist in a cow
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torsion of cecum
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common occurence of intestinal twist in a dog, calves, pigs
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volvulus of small intestine
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common occurence of intestinal twist in a PIG
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volvulus of the cecum & colon
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Secretory diarrhea
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ETEC
no damage to villi, binding to glycocalyx |
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Will lacteals contain chyle w/secretory diarrhea?
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yes
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Malabsorptive diarrhea
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villous atrophy
malabsorption & maldigestion |
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Two types of malabsorptive diarrhea
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Acute Loss of Villous Atrophy
Chronic Villous Atrophy |
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Acute Villous Atrophy Lesions
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Fluid-filled intestine
subgross villous atrophy chyle ABSENT in lacteals catarrhal or fibrinonecrotic pseudomem. |
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Acute Villous atrophy Histo
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Attenuation of remaining cells
Lateral fusion of villi |
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Causes of Acute villous atrophy
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Viral: Coronavirus, Rotavirus, Adenovirus
Protozoals: Coccidia, Cryptosporidiosis Z Bacterial: Chlamydophila (calf/pig) |
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Chronic villous atrophy Lesions
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mucosa may be ulcerated
mesenteric lymph nodes enlarged thickened mucosa due inflammation of the lamina propria |
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Chronic villous atrophy Histo
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short broad villi expanded by inflammatory cells in lamina propria
dilated lymphatics (lymphangectasia) |
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Chronic villous atrophy causes
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Dogs: Giardia, Wheat Gluten, Idiopathic eosinophilic gastritis, Histoplasmosis
Horses, Primate: Mycobacterium avium Johne's dz |
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acute loss of CRYPT epithelial cells
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parvo, panleuk
necrosis of lymphoid patches villous atrophy |
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Effusive Diarrheal Dz
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Proliferative
Hemorrhagic Necrotic |
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Proliferative Effusive Diarrhea
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Lawsonia intracellularis
Proliferative enteritis:Pigs Proliferative ileitis/typhlitis/colitis: Hamsters, puppies, foals, rabbits, ferrets |
