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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a “neoplasm”? |
A primary or secondary tumor |
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What is a primary tumor? |
originate within the bony elements of the vertebrae and are not common. It may be classified as either BENIGN or MALIGNANT |
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What is a secondary tumor? |
originate within another organ in the body and then metastasize to the vertebrae. All of these types of tumors are malignant |
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What is “metastasis”?
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The spread of a neoplasm from one part of the body to another |
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Most patients with spine tumors present to the physician with __________. |
Back pain
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List the types of primary benign tumors presented in the text |
Aneurysmal Bone Cyst (ABC) Giant Cell Tumor (GCT) Hemangioma Osteoid Osteoma Osteoblastoma |
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Describe the primary benign tumor - Aneurysmal Bone Cyst (ABC) |
These tumors are usually noted in patients in their teens or twenties. They occur most frequently in the posterior elements of the lumbar vertebrae. They may extend over several vertebral levels. There is a slight predominance in females. Night pain is frequently the symptom that brings the patient to the physician. |
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Describe the primary benign tumor - Giant Cell Tumor (GCT) |
This is a very aggressive tumor that occurs predominately in the sacrum, though it may also occur in the vertebral body. Women have a higher incidence of these than men. Most patients are 30 to 40 years of age when they present to the physician. Local pain is usually the precipitating symptom that brings the patient for medical attention. Bowel and bladder dysfunction may be related to neurologic compression by the tumor. |
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Describe the primary benign tumor - Hemangioma |
These tumors are asymptomatic and found on incidental examination. Symptomatic lesions are usually seen in the third or fourth decade of life, and there is an increased incidence in females during pregnancy. The vertebral body is generally affected, but there may also be involvement of the posterior elements. The thoracic spine is frequently the site of the lesion. |
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Describe the primary benign tumor - Osteoid Osteoma |
This is a relatively common lesion in the spine, especially in males between the ages of 20 and 40. These tumors are typically found in the posterior elements of the lumbar spine and is usually accompanied by pain. Scoliotic deformity may also occur in a rapid fashion. The lesion is characteristically smaller than 2 cm in diameter and is often found in the lamina or pedicle. |
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Describe the primary benign tumor - Osteoblastoma |
These tumors occur most frequently in males in their second and third decades. Although the lesions may occur anywhere in the spine, they are most often found in the posterior elements of the lumbar region. |
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List the 3 types of primary malignant tumors presented in the text. |
1. Chordoma 2. Osteosarcoma 3. Chondrosarcoma |
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Describe the primary malignant tumor - Chordoma |
slow-growing malignant tumors that originate from cells of the primitive nervous system. There is a 2:1 male-to-female ratio of occurrence, with the typical age of diagnosis in the 50s to 70s |
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Describe the primary malignant tumor - Osteosarcoma |
highly malignant yet uncommon spinal tumors, usually occur in a younger patient population. Pain is the symptom that causes the patient to seek medical attention. The vertebral body is most often affected, but the pedicles and posterior elements may also be invaded by the tumor |
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Describe the primary malignant tumor - Chondrosarcoma |
These are rare tumors arising from cartilaginous tissue. In the spine, they are most frequently found in the thoracic, lumbar, and sacral regions in middle-age or older patients. |
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List the types of round cell tumors presented in the text. |
1. Plasmacytoma 2. Multiple Myeloma 3. Lymphoma 4. Ewing’s Sarcoma |
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Describe the round cell tumor - PLASMACYTOMA |
These tumors occur as a solitary lesion or as multiple lesions in the spine. Patients are generally older than 50, and the thoracic spine is most frequently involved |
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Describe the round cell tumor - MULTIPLE MYELOMA |
These tumors are the most common malignancy of bone in adults and are often found in the spine. People between the ages of 50 to 80 are most frequently affected |
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Describe the round cell tumor - LYMPHOMA |
These tumors are typically found in people in their 30s to 50s - usually of the non-Hodgkin’s type. The disease is usually widely disseminated throughout the body, but occasionally a solitary spinal lesion is encountered. These tumors by and large invade the anterior column. Back pain is the chief complaint of the patient. |
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Describe the round cell tumor - EWING's SARCOMA |
These highly malignant round cell tumor found mostly in children. The age of onset is generally between 10 and 15, and there is a 2:1 predilection towards males. Patients typically present with pain as their primary complaint |
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Where is the most common site for metastasis in the skeleton? |
the vertebral column |
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What is the 5-year survival rate for all forms of lung cancer? |
5 years survival rate = 10%. |
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What is the 5-year survival rate for breast cancer? |
5 years survival rate = 75%. |
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What is the 5-year survival rate for patients with global metastasis of prostate cancer? |
5 years survival rate = 20% |
