Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is the acronym for apoptosis features?
|
PREAN
|
|
|
What is PREAN?
|
-Plasma membrane intact
-Rapid phagocytosis -Enzymes degrade nuclear/cytoplasmic proteins -Activation of intracellular program -No surrounding inflammation |
|
|
What are 2 mechanisms of apoptosis?
|
-Extrinsic
-Intrinsic |
|
|
What is the extrinsic mechanism of apoptosis?
|
Ligands interact at death receptors on the cell surface to trigger apoptosis.
|
|
|
What is the Intrinsic mechanism of apoptosis?
|
Increased mitochondrial permeability
|
|
|
How does increased mitochondrial permeability lead to apoptosis?
|
It decreases bcl-2 which is an antiapoptotic oncogene
|
|
|
What does a decrease of bcl-2 lead to?
|
The release of cytochrome c
|
|
|
What does cytochrome c lead to?
|
Caspase activation
|
|
|
What does caspase activity do?
|
Disrupts the cytoskeleton and causes nuclear breakdown
|
|
|
What is the result of cytoskeleton disruption and nuclear breakdown?
|
The cell expresses marker molecules that signal for speedy phagocytosis.
|
|
|
How does radiation or chemotherapy induced DNA damage result in apoptosis?
|
It causes p53 accumulations so it arrests the cell cycle to allow for DNA repair.
|
|
|
What happens if DNA does not repair?
|
p53 triggers apoptosis.
|
|
|
What is p53?
|
A tumor suppressor gene
|
|
|
What special immune process can cause apoptosis?
|
Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte mediated
|
|
|
What to Tc cells secrete and how does it trigger apoptosis?
|
They secrete perforins and Granzyme B triggers the apoptosis.
|
|
|
What are the 4 subcellular responses to cell injury?
|
1. Lysosomal catabolism
2. Induction of smooth ER 3. Mitochondrial alterations 4. Cytoskeletal abnormalities |
|
|
What 2 types of lysosomal catabolism follow cell injury?
|
-Autophagy (of damaged stuff)
-Heterophagy (of engulfed bugs) |
|
|
What would smooth ER be induced to hypertrophy in cell injury?
|
Due to increased exposure to certain chemicals
|
|
|
What is the extrinsic mechanism of apoptosis?
|
Ligands interact at death receptors on the cell surface to trigger apoptosis.
|
|
|
What is the Intrinsic mechanism of apoptosis?
|
Increased mitochondrial permeability
|
|
|
How does increased mitochondrial permeability lead to apoptosis?
|
It decreases bcl-2 which is an antiapoptotic oncogene
|
|
|
What does a decrease of bcl-2 lead to?
|
The release of cytochrome c
|
|
|
What does cytochrome c lead to?
|
Caspase activation
|
|
|
What does caspase activity do?
|
Disrupts the cytoskeleton and causes nuclear breakdown
|
|
|
What is the result of cytoskeleton disruption and nuclear breakdown?
|
The cell expresses marker molecules that signal for speedy phagocytosis.
|
|
|
How does radiation or chemotherapy induced DNA damage result in apoptosis?
|
It causes p53 accumulations so it arrests the cell cycle to allow for DNA repair.
|
|
|
What happens if DNA does not repair?
|
p53 triggers apoptosis.
|
|
|
What is p53?
|
A tumor suppressor gene
|
|
|
What special immune process can cause apoptosis?
|
Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte mediated
|
|
|
What to Tc cells secrete and how does it trigger apoptosis?
|
They secrete perforins and Granzyme B triggers the apoptosis.
|
|
|
What are the 4 subcellular responses to cell injury?
|
1. Lysosomal catabolism
2. Induction of smooth ER 3. Mitochondrial alterations 4. Cytoskeletal abnormalities |
|
|
What 2 types of lysosomal catabolism follow cell injury?
|
-Autophagy (of damaged stuff)
-Heterophagy (of engulfed bugs) |
|
|
What would smooth ER be induced to hypertrophy in cell injury?
|
Due to increased exposure to certain chemicals
|
|
|
What is the classic example of smooth ER induction?
|
Barbiturate tolerance
|
|
|
What are 2 types of cytoskeletal abnormalities that can result from cell injury?
|
-Cell locomotion and function defects
-Intracellular fibrillar accumulations |
|
|
What do cytoseletal abnormalities affect, specifically?
|
Thin filaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments.
|
|
|
What is a disease in which microtubules are injured?
|
Male sterility - inmotile cilia syndrome
|
|
|
What is a disease in which intermediate filaments are injured?
|
Alzheimers
|
