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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Which of the following is NOT a circulating inflammatory cell?
Basophils Mast Cells Eosinophils |
Mast Cells- tissue based
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Define the following terms:
Rubor Tumor Calor Dolor |
Rubor Redness
Tumor Swelling Calor Heat Dolor Pain |
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what is ment by Increased vascular caliber in the early stages of acute inflammation?
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Increased blood flow
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Differences between transudates and exudates
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transudates: extravascular fluid accumulation due to hydrostatic forces
exudates: extracellular fluid accumulation due to pathogenic vascular permeability increase |
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main products of vascular smooth muscle during early phase of acute inflammatory reaction?
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NO and histamine
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Short term and long term agents of increased vascular permeability
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Immediate transient response:
histamine bradykinin leukotrienes substance P Delayed prolonged response: Cytokines IL-1 TNF IFNγ |
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Describe the order of events of leukocytes from within vessels to the intravascular space during inflammation
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Stasis --> margination of leukocytes (RBC's in center of lumen) --> rolling --> pavementing --> transmigration (diapedesis) --> migration (chemotaxis)
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What substances lead to the increase in P and E selectins on endothelial cell?
what process of Leukocyte migration from blood vessels are P and E selectins involved in? |
P selectin: Histamin, PAF,thrombin
E selectin: IL-1, TNF, chemokines |
rolling due to binding with leukocyte sialylated oligosaccharides
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causes and mechanism of leukocyte adhesion
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cytokines (TNF, IL-1, chemokines) increase ICAMs and VCAMs on endothelial cells as well as high affinity integrins on leukocytes
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endogenous and exogenous agents of chemotaxis
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C5a, Leukotriene B4 (lipoxygenase), IL-8 (chemokines), bacterial products (terminal N-formyl- methionine lipids)
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intracellular effects of chemotactic agents
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activation of G-protein couples receptor --> activation of phospholipase C (PLC), phosphoinositol-3-kinase, and protein tyrosine kinases (TK's)
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characteristics of leukocyte activation
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inc arachidonic acid metabolites (by PLA2)
activation protein kinase C increase in intracellular Ca |
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mechanism of leukocyte recognition of microbes
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1)mannose receptor
2)scavenger receptor |
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phagolysosomal killing by oxygen- steps to get reactive oxygen species
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O2 --> peroxide (O2-) by NADPH oxidase
peroxide --> H2O2 H2O2 --> hypochlorite (HOCl) by myeloperoxidase killing by halogenation |
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list some oxygen independent methods of killing microbes
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1)BPIP (bactericidal permeability inc protein)
2)lysosome 3)lactoferrin (binds iron) 4)major basic protein (eosinophils- good for paracites) 5)Defensins (arg-rich --> leaky) |
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Stoppage of Acute Inflammation
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leukotriene to lipoxin switch (lipooxygenase arm of arachidonic acid metabolism)
transforming growth factor β cholinergic inhibition of macrophage TNF production |
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