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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the primary carcinogens found in tobacco smoke?
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Polycyclic hydrocarbons.
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Second hand smoke increases the risk for what types of infection in children?
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Respiratory and middle ear infections.
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What is one therapeutic indication for using a nicotine patch other than to aid in smoking cessation?
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Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis.
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What % of alcohol is absorbed in the stomach?
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25%.
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What are the three conversion reactions that the increased NADH due to alcohol consumption promotes?
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Pyruvate --> Lactate
Acetoacetate --> B-hydroxybutyrate Dihydroxyacetone phosphate --> Glycerol 3-phosphate |
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Why do alcoholics have fasting hypoglycemia?
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Because pyruvate is converted to lactate due to increased NADH levels instead of going into gluconeogenesis.
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What are the molecules that are responsible for the Increased Anion Gap metabolic acidosis associated with Alcoholism?
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Lactic acid, B-Hydroxybutyric acid, (Acetyl-CoA that gets converted to ketoacids)
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Why are there increased levels of GGT found in alcoholism?
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Alcohol induces hyperplasia of the Smooth ER causing increased synthesis of GGT.
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Chloramphenicol and Alkylating agents are responsible for causing what blood dyscrasia?
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Aplastic Anemia.
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Penicillin, Methyldopa, and Quinidine/Sulfa drugs cause what blood dyscrasia?
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Hemolytic Anemias
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What are the drugs that are known to cause Macrocytic Anemia?
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Methotrexate (most common), Phenytoin, Oral Contraceptives, 5-Fluorouracil
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What drugs are known to cause platelet dysfunction?
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Aspirin and other NSAIDs.
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What are the most common drugs known to cause Thrombocytopenia?
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Heparin (most common), Quinidine.
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Doxorubicin and Danorubicin have been known to cause what cardiac conditions?
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Congestive cardiomyopathy.
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Tinnitus and vertigo are a side effect profile caused by what drugs?
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Salycilates.
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What are the big cutaneous side effects that are caused by the following medications: ACE inhibitors, Penicillin, Tetracycline?
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ACE Inhibitors - Angioedema
Tetracycline - Photosensitive rash Penicillin - Maculopapular rash, and Urticaria |
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Iron and Salycilates are known to cause what GI problem?
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Hemorrhagic gastritis.
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What is the main hepatic change that is caused by Oral contraceptives, estrogen, and anabolic steroids?
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Cholestasis.
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Amiodarone, tetracycline, and methotrexate have what effect on the liver?
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They can cause Fatty Change.
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What medication is known to cause the adverse reaction of Hepatic Adenoma?
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Oral Contraceptives.
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Aetominophen (most common), Isoniazide, Salicylates, Halothane, and Iron are all known to cause what liver problem?
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Liver Necrosis.
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What drugs are known to induce Asthma?
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Aspirin and other NSAIDs.
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Interstitial fibrosis is cause by what four main drugs?
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Bleomycin, Busulfan, Nitrofurantoin, Methotrexate.
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What drugs are NOTORIOUS for causing drug induced Lupus?
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Procainaminde, and Hydralazine.
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Why is Aspirin and uncoupling agent?
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Aspirin damages the inner mitochondrial membrane and oxidative energy is released as heat, NOT ATP.
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Why does exogenous Estrogen without Progestin increase the risk of Thromboembolism?
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Estrogen decreases synthesis of Antithrombin II (ATIII), which normally neutralizes activated coagulation factors. Estrogen also increases synthesis of Factors I (Fibrinogen), V, and VIII.
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What is the most common cause of hypertension in young women? Why?
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Oral Contraceptives- they cause increased synthesis of angiotensinogen.
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Why can oral contraceptives increase the incidence of Gall Stones?
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This is because estrogen increases cholesterol excretion in the bile.
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What are the most radiosensitive tissues of the body? Which are the least radiosensitive?
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The most radiosensitive tissues in the body have the highest mitotic activity: Lymphoid tissue is the most sensitive, followed by bone marrow, then mucosa of the G.I. tract, and germinal tissue. The least radiosensitive tissues are bone (least sensitive), brain, muscle, and skin.
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What is the first hematologic sign of total body radiation?
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Lymphopenia.
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What is the most common skin cancer related to UVB exposure?
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Basal cell carcinoma, followed by squamous cell carcinoma, and malignant melanoma.
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