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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Hypoxia
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inadequate oxygenation of tissue
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Why is oxygen needed?
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electron receptor in oxidative phosphorylation
required for ATP production |
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what is the pathway of O2 into body?
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Alveoli, Plasma (PaO2), heme groups on RBC (SaO2)
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Hb
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Most important O2 carrier Determines total amount of O2 delivered to tissue
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PaO2
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O2 dissolved in plasma Driving force for diffusion of O2 into tissue
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SaO2
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oxygen saturation
Average % of 4 heme groups binding O2 |
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Cyanosis
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SaO2 drops below 80%
blue skin, mucous membranes |
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Ischemia
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decreased arterial blood flow
most commonly due to coronary atherosclerosis causes atrophy, infarction of tissue, organ dysfunction |
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Hypoxemia
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decreased PaO2
most commonly due to respiratory acidosis increased PACO2, decreased PAO2, PaO2, SaO2 |
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Ventilation Defect
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Alveoli are perfused with blood but airway isnt ventilated
found in respiratory distress syndrome "intrapulmonary shunt" |
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Perfusion Defect
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Alveoli are ventilated but not perfused w/ blood
caused by pulmonary embolus increased dead space |
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Diffusion Defect
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decreased diffusion across alveolar membrane
caused by fibrosis, edema |
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Anemia
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decreased Hb [ ]
total amount of O2 decreased PaO2, SaO2 stays same |
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Methemoglobinemia
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Hb with oxidized heme group (Fe3+ ferric) decreases SaO2
nitrite and sulfa drugs can cause countered w/ methylene blue |
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CO poisoning
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decreased SaO2 due to CO outcompeting O2 for heme group
inhibits cytochrome oxidase treat w/ 100% O2 mask |
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CN poisoning
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inhibits cytochrome oxidase
O2 cant enter cells methaglobin can pull CN from cell |
