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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Pt reports abdominal cramping and diarrhea after he eats wheat products. Biopsy shows enteritis with loss of villi and lymphocytic infiltration of the lamina propria. what is the dx
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celiac dz
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this dz is characterized by foamy macrophages in the lamina propria
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whipples dz
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pt presents with sudden severe abdominal pain and tenderness. What are you worried about?
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Ischemia/Infarction
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pt presents with severe abdominal pain, abdominal distension, vomiting, constipation, and failure to pass flatus. what is the dx
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Intestinal obstruction
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Most cases of small bowel obstruction are caused by one of four things. What are they?
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hernias, adhesions, intussusceptions, and volvulus
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pt c/o intermittent attacks of diarrhea, fever, and abdominal pain. Labs show vit B12 deficiency. Bx shows bowel wall thickening and creeping fat. A deep fissure extending into the muscle wall, and noncaseating granuloma is present in the lamina propria
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CD
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pt presents c/o recurrent bouts of bloody mucoid diarrhea that may last for days, weeks, or months followed by asymptomatic periods. Bx of colon shows marked chronic inflammation of the mucosa with atrophy of colonic glands, moderate submucosal fibrosis, and a normal muscle wall.
There is also presence of knobby pseudopolyps. |
Ulcerative colitis.
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increased risk of colon cancer
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ulcerative colitis
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Colonic perforation or toxic megacolon are potential complications of this disease.
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UC
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congenital absence of Meissner submucosal and Auerbach myenteric plexuses in a segment of GI tract. Peristalsis will not progress past the affected segment and the bowel proximally will dilate and eventually become a megacolon.
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Hirschprung disease
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This is an autosomal dominant condition associated with the development of 500-1000 colonic polyps. The polyps begin to develop by age 16. Without treatment the risk of cancer is 100% and so prophylactic colectomy is the typical treatment.
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familial adenomatous (FAP) polyposis syndrome
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FAP syndrome with extra colonic manifestations that can include osteomas and fibromatosis
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Gardner syndrome
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FAP syndrome with central nervous system tumors.
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Turcot syndrome
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most common site of colon CA
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rectosigmoid colon
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pt presents with anemia & blood in the stool, changes in bowel habits & weight loss, malaise, and weakness
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Colorectal cancer
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Tumor Stage
Tis |
intramucosal
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Tumor Stage
T1 |
submucosa
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Tumor Stage
T2 |
Extending into the muscularis propria but not penetrating through
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Tumor Stage
T3 |
Penetrating through the muscularis propria into subserosa
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Tumor Stage
T4 |
Tumor directly invades other organs or structures
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On barium enema 65 y/o male with low fiber diet shows outpouchings of the mucosa and submucosa through a gap in the muscularis
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Diverticular disease
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Sessile
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-flat
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Polyp
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-like a mushroom
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Adenoma
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- benign
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Adenocarcinoma
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- malignant
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Hyperactive mucosa
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-benign non neoplastic polyps
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2 types of adenomatous polyps
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tubular adenoma and the villous adenoma
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these are by far the most common type of adenomatus polyps. These are the classic pedunculated mushroom-shaped adenoma
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Tubular adenomas
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this type of adenomatous polyp is sessile, large, flat, and villous
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Villous adenomas
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The highest risk is for CA is in _____________
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villous adenomas greater than 4 cm in size.
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some ________ secrete copious amounts of protein and potassium-rich mucus and can result in hypoproteinemia and/or hypokalemia.
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villous adenomas
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