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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What unique cancers are associated with smoking?
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•Urinary Tract
•Uterus/Cervix |
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Arsenic cancers
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•Lung
•Skin •Hepatic Angiosarcoma |
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Asbestos cancers
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•Lung
•Mesothelioma |
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Benzene
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•Leukemia
•Lymphoma |
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Beryllium
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•Lung
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Ethylene oxide cancers
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Leukemia
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Naphthylamines cancers
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•Bladder cancer
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Radon cancers
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•Lung
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Vinyl chloride cancers
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•Hepatic angiosarcoma
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What % of breast cancer is familial?
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10%
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What is the example of the direct acting chemical carcinogen?
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Cyclophosphamide
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What is the example of the indirect acting chemical carcinogen?
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Aflatxin B1
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What benign lesions are associated with HPV infection?
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•Verruca vulgaris (hands, feet)
•Condyloma accuminatum (venereal warts) •Squamous papillomas (mouth, conjunctiva) |
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What does HPV-E6 inhibit?
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•p53 (arrest cell cycle)
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What does HPV-E7 inhibit?
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•p53 (arrest cell cycle)
•p21 (inhibits Cyclin D/CFK4) •RB-E2F (inhibits transcription) |
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What are EBV associated cancers?
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•Burkitt's lymphoma
•B cell lymphoma (14:18) •Hodgkin disease/lymphoma •Nasopharyngeal carcinoma |
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What are EBV oncogenic effects?
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•Infects B lymphs via CD21
•LMP-1 activates BCL2 to signal cyto T cells to kill B cell via granzyme B •vIL10 prevents activation of cyto T cells |
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What virus(es) are associated with hepatocellular carcinoma?
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•Hep B and C due to chronic viral hepatitis
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What environmental agent causes hepatocellular carcinoma?
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Aflatoxin
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What two viruses are involved in Kaposi sarcoma?
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•HSV 8
•HIV |
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What are the two most common gastric cancers?
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•Adenocarcinoma of the stomach
•Gastric lymphoma of MALT |
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What is cachexia? What tumor agent causes it?
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•Wasting syndrome that results in the loss of body fat and lean body mass
•LMF increases pro-inflammatory cytokines -> TNF-alpha -> acute phase rxns |
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What is the clinical feature of cachexia?
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10% weight loss
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Whats paraneoplastic syndromes? What are the two types?
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•Effects of a tumor not from hormones
•Endocrinpathies (hormone like substances) •Ab syndroms |
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What disease is from ACTH from lung cancer?
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Cushings syndrome
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What disease is from EPO production by renal tubular carcinomas?
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Polycythemia
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Tumor Marker:
CEA |
Colon cancer
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Tumor Marker:
Alpha-fetoprotein |
Liver, testicular
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Tumor Marker:
Beta-HCG |
Choriocarcinoma
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Tumor Marker:
PSA |
Prostate
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Tumor Marker:
VMA; HVA, NSE |
Neuroblastoma
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Tumor Marker:
CA-15-3 |
Breast cancer
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Tumor Marker:
CA-125 |
Ovarian cancer
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What is HTLV-1? What is it related with?
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•Onconic RNA retrovirus
•Associated with T cell lymphoma/Leukemia |
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What occur in Hippel-Lindau disease?
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Cavernous hemangioma
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What is bacillary angiomatosis?
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Infectious disease seen in HIV patients that is treated with macrolide antibiotics
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What three carcinogens are hepatic angiosarcomas associated with?
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•Arsenic
•Thorotrast •PVC |
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What is the warburg effect?
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•Shift to aerobic glycolysis
•Can be seen in PET scan |
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What are small round blue cell tumors (SRBCT) characteristic of?
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•Most primitive childhood tumors
•Poorly differentiated neuroblastoma •Wilm's tumor |
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What is the most common location and sign of a neuroblastoma in kids?
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•Adrenal medulla
•Rosettes •Orbit metasteses are common |
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What are the most important prognostic factors in pediatric oncology?
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Age and Stage
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What is the microscopic morphology of Wilm's Tumor?
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Triphasic microscopic morphology
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