Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Localization of Fxn
|
Focal lesions in the CNS produce specific deficits dependent upon anatomic location
|
|
|
Chromatolysis
|
response of nerve cell body to axonal injury
1-swelling of cell body 2-nuclear eccentricity 3-dispersal of Nissl bodies 4-neuronal death or recovery |
|
|
Wallerian degeneration
|
Rxn of axon to its own injury, degenerates distal to pt of injury
Macros ingest debris |
|
|
Hypoxic change
|
Same as other organs
Hypereosinophilic Karyolysis Red and Dead |
|
|
Transsynaptic degeneration
|
when neurons lose all or most of their presynaptic input
Lateral geniculate body when an eye is lost Cell bodies shrink |
|
|
Gliosis
|
Reactive astrocytosis
Gemistocytic rxn Prominent nuclei, marked cytoplasmic eosinophilia Stain with GFPab |
|
|
Rosenthal fibers
|
chronically reactive astrocyte processes
High [proteins] Eosinophilic |
|
|
Corpora amylacea
|
astrocytic processes seen in normal aging brains
Glucose polymers |
|
|
Alzheimer Type II Astrocytes
|
In people who were metabolically sick prior to death
Not associated with Alzheimer's disease Large, comma shaped nuclei Vacuolated with small intranuclear eosinophilic inclusions |
|
|
Oligodendroglia
|
Myelin producing cells of CNS
Smaller, darker nuclei in white matter |
|
|
Sattelitosis
|
Normal clustering of oligodendrocytes around neuronal cell bodies
|
|
|
Granular ependymitis
|
Underlying astrocytic response to ependymal damage
Encephalitis Meningitis Collagen, etc |
|
|
Gitter Cells
|
Macro formation from microglia in response to tissue injury
Brown |
|
|
Microglial nodules
|
Micro collections of reactive microglia
Encephalitis Clusters |
|
|
Rod Cells
|
Microglial proliferation
Elongated nuclei Tertiary syphilis |
|
|
Inclusions
|
Viral infxn
|
|
|
Vasogenic edema
|
Direct damage to BBB w/ increased capillary perm and incr ECF
primary and met tumor and abscesses Rx-Steroids |
|
|
Cytotoxic edema
|
metabolism of neurons and glia w/failure to maintain fluid and electrolyte homeostasis
Brain infarc no Rx |
|
|
Subfalcine herniation
|
Cingulate Gyrus across midline under falx
ACA-secondary infarc |
|
|
Transtentorial herniation
|
Uncal
Displacement of medial temporal lobe between brain stem and tentorium Compression of CNIII (Fixed dilated pupil) Compression of contra cerebral peduncle, hemiparesis ipsilateral to lesion Kernohan's notch |
|
|
Cerebellar tonsillar herniation
|
Rostrocaudal mvmt in posterior fossa
Death due to medullary compression and cardioresp arrest Ruptures penetrating aa in brain stem-Duret hemorrhages in midbrain and pons |
|
|
Hydrocephalus Obstrxn
|
Within ventricular-non-communicating, mass lesion, aqueductal stenosis, obstrxn of 4th ventricular foramina
Obstrxn outside ventricular system communicating hydrocephalus-subarachnoid hemorrhage or meningitis w/scarring |
|
|
Loss of cerebral tissue hydrocephalus
|
Nothing to do w/CSF, compensatory ventricular enlargement
Hydrocephalus ex vacuo Aged pts |
|
|
Hydrocephalus overprodxn CSF
|
Rare
Uncommon Choroid plexus tumors |
|
|
Hydrocephalus Rx
|
Shunting
|
|
|
Anencephaly
|
NTD
|
|
|
Encephalocele
|
NTD
|
|
|
Spinal dysraphism (Spina bifida)
|
NTD
|
|
|
Myelomeningocele (w/neural tissue)
|
NTD
|
|
|
Meningocele
|
NTD
|
|
|
Polymicrogyria
|
Forebrain anomaly
|
|
|
Megaloencephaly
|
Forebrain anomaly
|
|
|
Microencephaly
|
Forebrain anomaly
|
|
|
Lissencephaly
|
Agyria
Forebrain anomaly |
|
|
Holoprosencephaly
|
Forebrain anomaly
|
|
|
Agenesis of Corpus Collosum
|
Forebrain anomaly
|
|
|
Arnold-Chiari
|
Post. fossa
|
|
|
Dandy-walker
|
Post. fossa
|
|
|
Syringomelia
|
Spinal cord
|
|
|
Hydromelia
|
Spinal cord
|
