Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is the most important feature to differentiate between BT and MT?
|
Metastasis. MT metastasize, while BT do not
|
|
|
All malignant tumors have capacity to metastasize except?
|
Basal cell carcinoma and tumors in the brain such as a glioma
|
|
|
What is metastasis?
|
Spread of tumor from the site of origin to a remote site leading to development of secondary implants. Discontinous with primary tumor. Involves invasion of lymphaics, blood vessels or body cavities by the tumor
|
|
|
What is the most common oute of metastasis?
|
Lymphatic spread, this is more typical of carcinomas than sarcomas
|
|
|
Lymphatic spread is more common in carcinomas than sarcomas, there are some exceptions what are they?
|
Follicular carcinoma, renal carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma
|
|
|
Hematogenous spread is usually the mechanism for the spread of which type of cancer?
|
sarcomas
|
|
|
Are veins or arteries the most common cause of hematogenous spread?
|
Veins are the route of hematogenous spread.
|
|
|
Cells entering to the portal vein commonly metastasize to ?
|
Liver
|
|
|
Cells entering the vena cava metastasize to the ?
|
lungs
|
|
|
How does seeding of tumors occur?
|
Malignant cells exfoliate and implant and invade tissue in a body cavity
|
|
|
Peritoneal cavity seeding usually comes from?
|
Ovarian, GI and pancreatic cancers
|
|
|
Pleural cavity seeding usually comes from?
|
Primary, metastatic lung cancer
|
|
|
Subarachnoid cavity seeding usually comes from?
|
Glioblastoma multiforme
|
|
|
Where is the most common site of metastasis in bone?
|
Vertebral column
|
|
|
What are the two types of bone metastasis?
|
Osteoblastic metastasis. Osteolytic metastasis
|
|
|
What is osteoblastic metastasis?
|
Increased serum alkaline phosphatase; indicate reactive bone formation? Radiodense loci noted on X ray. Example prostate cancer MC type
|
|
|
What is osteolytic metastasis?
|
Produce lucencies in bone X ray. Tumors produce factors that activate osteoclasts –PGE2 , osteoclasts activating factor IL-1 pathological feature commonly occur. Potential for hypercalcemia
|
|
|
How do tumor cells attach to each other?
|
They remain attached to each other by adhesion molecules ex. E-cadherins
|
|
|
Is E-cadeherin produced in the MT cells?
|
Not it is not this reduces the cohesiveness of tumor cells
|
|
|
What allows for attachment to the matrix.
|
Cell receptors attach to laminin in BM
|
|
|
What do tumor cells release that causes degradation of extracellular matrix?
|
Cells release type IV collagenase that dissolves the BM
|
|
|
How does the migration of tumor cells across the extracellular matrix occur?
|
Cell recptors attach to fibronectin in ECM. Cells produce cytokines( stimulate locomotion) and proteases (dissolves connective tissue)
|
