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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Chemical Agents:
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Chemicals of abuse (alcohol, etc.)
Industrial and agricultural chemicals Therapeutic drugs |
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Mechanisms of exposure:
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-Voluntary abuse
-Suicide/homicide via poisoning -Accidental ingestion -Occupational exposure -Incidental (unrecognized) exposure (eg. toxic chems in food, water, etc) -Prescription drugs |
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Alcohol
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Chronic alcoholism: damages almost every organ in body
Nervous system deficits Liver cirrhosis; pancreatitis; gastritis Carcinoma or oropharynx, larynx, esophagus folic acid/B12 empty calories decrease lifespan Note: if alcoholics develop liver cirrhosis; should advise not to stop drinking, but reduce the amount |
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Smoking
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Single most vital environmental cause of death in the world
Malignancies: - Mouth, larynx, esophagus, lungs - Peptic ulcers: smoke mixes with sputum that drops down into stomach and shares the carcinogens with the stomach leads to increased excretion of acid -Also of carcinoma bladder, kidneys, etc -Common carcinoma: small cell carcinoma - Nicotine: one of most addictive agents (more addictive than heroin) Smokers that are also exposed to asbestos more often suffer from carcinomas, not mesotheliomas (KNOW THIS) |
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Marijuana
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- most popular drug in States
- No definitive evidence that prolonged use has permanent effects on struc and function of the brain or any other organ of the body - Heavy use associated with impaired fetal growth and development --caused by smoke (anoxia), not the chem. agents of the MJ |
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Heroin
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-Most common illicit opioid used
-Physical effects from pharm effect; hypersensitivity; microbiological contaminants; shared hypodermic needles Death usually associated with overdose: resp depression, arrhythmias/CARDIAC ARREST, pulmonary edema Infections from injections: micro-abscesses cause needle tracks Vegetations on heart valve: regurgitations Granulomas around the foreign material injected with the drug |
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Cocaine
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Powerful CNS stimulant Short acting: rapidly metabolized into metabolite: BENZOYL-ECOGNINE
Casey Jones Rxn: when take more than one line of cocaine - epinephrine blocking leads to vasoconstriction then coma, brain paralysis; cardiac arrest Cardiac problems the major issue |
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Lead
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Lead paint; radiators, throughout the house
Associated with lowered learning ability Stippling of RBCs: see line across the gums Collects in the cerebellum (thus decreases learning) and renal tubule (nuclear inclusion in cells: decrease ability to transport RBCs leads to anemia; renal disease) |
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Insecticides & Herbicides: Paraquat
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crop killer (used to fight MJ crops): people end up smoking with their MJ leads to lung damage
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Asbestos
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Diff forms:
a) Serpentine : b/c of shape, doesn’t make it down into lung b) Amphiboles: short; evade mucocilliary defense- go to far reaches of the lung: malignancies (mesotheliomas) Detected with iron stains in lung epithelium: to recognize fruginous bodies Smokers that are also exposed to asbestos more often suffer from carcinomas, not mesotheliomas (KNOW THIS) |
