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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the only RNA virus to cause neoplastic changes in host cells?
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HTLV-1. THe rest are DNA viruses (EBV, HBV, HCV, HPV)
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What are the major effects of LPS?
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Overproduction of TNF and IL-1 cuasing septic shock from cytokine storm
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What is the most common cause of immunodeficiency worldwide?
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Malnutrition, which is secondary immunodeficiency. Viral and bacterial infections as well as cancer can lead to this as well.
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X-linked hypogammaglobulinemia
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Also called Bruton's disease. B cells don't mature fully and light chains are not produced. X-linked disorder seen mostly in males. Results in very low serum Igs.
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Hyper-IgM syndrome
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T cell defect due to lack of CD40 ligand needed to stimulate class switch of B cells. B cells are normal but produce mostly IgM.
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Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID)
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T cell defect causing abnormal function of B cells. B cell number is normal, but no plasma cells.
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Hyper IgE syndrome (Job syndrome)
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Unknown cause, usually results in recurrent staph abscesses (boils) and pneumonia.
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Selective IgA deficiency
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Most common immunodeficiency, results in low IgA. This is mostly asymptomatic except for eczema like rashes and allergies
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DiGeorge syndrome
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Thymic aplasia/hypoplasia due to chromosome 22q11. Results in very low T cell number and normal B cell number but deficient function.
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Severe combined Immune Deficiency (SCID)
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Thymic aplacia, atrophy of lymohoid tissue. Very low T cells and B cells, mostly due to cytokine receptor mutations. Need bone marrow graft or stem cell therapy.
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Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
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Thrombocytopenia that causes bleeding and bloody diarrhea and eczema. Due to mutation in WASP gene. THey also have thymic abnormalities that lead to depletion of T cells with age
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Ataxia-Telangiectasia
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Selective IgA and IgG2 deficiency and defective T cell function (anergy). Common to have recurrent sinopulmonary disease
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What is the most common type of C1 inhibitor deficiency?
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Type 1 (85%) is a reduction in C1 inhibitor, type 2 (15%) is a dysfunction of C1 inhibitor.
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What is the most common type of HIV?
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HIV-1, M group is most common worldwide and B clade of M group is most common in Europe and USA
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What is AIDS dementia complex?
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It is a nervous system disease caused by HIV virus and subsequent demyelination of nerve cells.
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Which cells in the CNS are HIV reservoirs?
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Brain macrophages and microglia. Almost all HIV pts have virus in the brain
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What are the most common AIDS related neoplasias?
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Kaposi sarcoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
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What is the most common extra-nodal site for non-hodgkin lymphoma?
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The brain
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