Path - Eye

Front 1

Gray-opaque ring at the corneal margin/periphery

Cholesterol deposits in corneal stroma; may indicate hypercholesterolemia

Back 1

Arcus senilis

Front 2

Conjunctivitis in newborn

Back 2

ophthalmia neonatorum

Front 3

What pathogens cause ophthalmia neonatorum?

Back 3

N. gonorrhoeae - First week, 2-4days

Chlamydia trachomatis - Second week, 3-10 weeks

Front 4

How do you treat ophthalmia neonatorum?

Back 4

N. gonorrhoeae w/ ceftriaxone

C. trachomatis w/ erythromycin drops

Front 5

Purulent conjunctivitis
Pain but NO blurry vision

Back 5

Bacterial conjunctivitis

Front 6

What bugs cause bacterial conjunctivitis?

Back 6

Staph. Aureus
Strep. pneumoniae
H. Influenzae

Front 7

What's the most common cause of bacterial conjunctivitis?

Back 7

Staph. Aureus

Front 8

What causes bacterial "pink eye?"

Back 8

Haemophilus aegyptius

Front 9

How do you treat bacterial conjunctivitis?

Back 9

gatifloxacin ophthalmic solution

Front 10

Watery exudates infection

Back 10

Viral conjunctivitis

Front 11

Viral cause of "pink eye" + preauricular lymphadenopathy

Back 11

Adenovirus

Front 12

Treatment for viral pink eye

Back 12

no treatment

Front 13

Keratoconjunctivitis w/ dendritic ulcers seen with fluorescein staining

Back 13

*HSV-1 infection!!!

Front 14

How to treat HSV-1 corneal ulcer?

Back 14

Trifluridine ophthalmic

Front 15

Seasonal itching of eyes

Back 15

Allergic conjunctivitis

Front 16

Treatment for Allergic conjunctivitis

Back 16

antihistamine ophthalmic solutions

olopatadine (mast cell stabilizer)

Front 17

Severe keratoconjunctivitis in patients who do not clean their contact lenses properly

Back 17

Acanthamoeba infection

Front 18

Tx for Acanthamoeba infection

Back 18

propamine + polymyxin/neomycin/gramicidn ophthalmic

Front 19

Infection of eyelid MC due to S. aureus

Back 19

Stye

Front 20

Tx for Stye

Back 20

Hot packs + dicloxacillin

Front 21

Granulomatous inflammation involving the meibomian gland in the eyelid; usu. disappears in 2 months

Back 21

Chalazion

Front 22

Tx of Chalazion

Back 22

if do not disappear; intralesion corticosteroid injection or surgical removal

Front 23

Periorbital redness + swelling that is often secondary to sinusitis (Ethmoiditis in kids)

Fvr, proptosis, periorbital swelling, ophthalmoplegia, normal retinal exam

Back 23

Orbital cellulitis

Front 24

Bugs that cause orbital cellulitis

Back 24

S. pneumoniae

H. influenzae

Front 25

Tx for orbital cellulitis

Back 25

nafcillin + ceftriaxone + metronidazole

Front 26

"raccoon eyes," edema and ecchymoses of the eyelids and periorbital region

vertical diploplia, prolapse of orbital contents into maxillar sinus (sunken eye)

Back 26

Orbital fracture

Front 27

What nerve may get damaged in severe orbital fractures?

Back 27

Infraorbital nerve

Front 28

Raised, triangular encroachment of thickened conjunctiva on the nasal side of the conjunctiva; may grow onto cornea

Due to XS exposure to wind, sun, sand

Back 28

Pterygium

Front 29

Yellow-white conjunctival degeneration at the jxn of cornea and sclera on the temporal side of the conjunctiva; does not grow onto cornea

Back 29

Pinguecla

Front 30

Inflammation of optic nerve; MCC= Multiple sclerosis, or methanol poisoning
Blurry vision/loss of vision, may cause optic atrophy

Back 30

Optic neuritis

Front 31

Tx of optic neuritis?

Back 31

corticosteroids

Front 32

Sudden, painless, complete loss of vision in one eye, pallor of optic disk due to narrowed arteries, "boxcar" segmentation of blood in retinal veins.

CHERRY RED MACULA

Back 32

Central retinal artery occlusion

Front 33

Causes of Central retinal artery occlusion

Back 33

1.) embolization of plaque material from ipsilateral carotid/ophthalmic a.

2.) Giant cell temporal arteritis involving the ophthalmic artery

Front 34

Tx of Central retinal artery occlusion

Back 34

Acetazolamide to lower intraocular pressure

carbogen

hyperaric O2 therapy

Front 35

Sudden, painless, unilateral loss of vision, swelling of optic disk, engorged retinal veins with hemorrhage

BLOOD and THUNDER appearance

Back 35

Central retinal vein occlusion

Front 36

Tx of Central retinal vein occlusion

Back 36

intravitreal injections; laser photocoag

Front 37

Increased IOP
B/L aching of eyes, cupping of optic disk
Night blindness
Gradual loss of peripheral vision --> Tunnel vision & blindness

Back 37

Chronic open angle Glaucoma

Front 38

Tx for Chronic open angle Glaucoma

Back 38

1st: B-blockers (timolol)

2nd: prostaglandins, alpha-adrenergic agents, pilocarpine, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

Laser trabeculoplasty if drugs fail

Front 39

Precipitated by mydriatic agent, uveitis, lens dislocation, severe pain associated with photophobia and blurry vision
Red eye with a steamy cornea
Pupil fixed, non-reactive to light

Back 39

Acute angle-closure Glaucoma

Front 40

Tx for Acute angle-closure Glaucoma

Back 40

pilocarpine + systemic carbonic anhydrse inhibitor to lower pressure to allow for laser surgery

Front 41

Pale optic disk, MC due to optic neuritis or glaucoma

Back 41

Optic nerve atrophy

Front 42

Inflammation of uveal tract (iris, ciliary body, choroid)
Pain w/ blurry vision, miotic pupil, circumcorneal ciliary body vascular congestion, nml IOP, adhesions between iris and ant. lens capsule

Back 42

Uveitis

Front 43

Causes of uveitis

Back 43

Sarcoidosis
Ulcerative colitis
Ankylosing spondylitis

Front 44

Tx for uveitis

Back 44

corticosteroids (oral/topical)
atropine

Front 45

MCC of permanent visual loss in elderly

Back 45

macular degeneration

Front 46

Thinning of retina and formaiton of yellowish white deposits (drusen)

Back 46

Dry type Macular degeneration

Front 47

Extension of dry type MD
Vessels under retina hemorrhage
retinal cells die-->blind spots
Distroted central vision

Back 47

Wet type Macular degeneration

Front 48

Tx for Macular degenration

Back 48

antiangiogenics that block vascular growth factors

insertion of special intraocular lens

Front 49

MCC of blindness in AIDS
occurs when CD4 T-helper cells are <50

Cotton wool exudates and retinal hemorrhages

Back 49

CMV retinitis

Front 50

Opacity in the lens
Advanced age, DM, infxn (Rubella), corticosteroids
Common in congenital infections

Back 50

Cataracts

Front 51

TX for CMV retinitis

Back 51

oral, iv, intraocular ganciclovir or foscarnet

Front 52

"White eye reflex"

Back 52

Retinoblastoma in children

Front 53

Starts with night blindness in a fairly younger adults (30's)

Back 53

Retinal pigmentosa

Front 54

Flexner-Winter steiner rosettes and fleurettes

Back 54

Retinal blastoma

Front 55

Sudden loss of part of the vision in one eye

"as though a shade had been pulled acrossmy eye"

+uveal mass

Back 55

Melanoma

Front 56

After skin, what is the most common site for melanoma?

Back 56

They eye

Front 57

MCC of intraocular malignancy in adults

Back 57

Melanoma

Front 58

Difference between melanoma and retinoblastoma

Back 58

Retinoblastoma usu occurs in KIDS and the tumor usu is NOT pigmented

Front 59

After trauma to one eye, that eye releases an Ag which causes an inflammatory rxn in the other eye.

Opposite eye has loss of accomodation, + photophobia, and blurred vision + Choroidal infiltrates!

Back 59

Sympathetic ophthalmia

Front 60

Inflammation of the cornea and conjunctiva

Back 60

keratoconjunctivitis

Front 61

Leukokoria =

Back 61

Retinoblastoma


among other causes...but in kid, think RB!

Front 62

What screening tool is used to detect glaucoma?

Back 62

IOP

Front 63

Leading cause of visual loss in Western World

Back 63

Age-related Macular Degeneration

(ARMD)

Front 64

What molecule would you want to target AGAINST in order to reduce vision loss in ARMD

Back 64

VEG-F

Front 65

6 y.o. w/ decreased vision
eyes have diffuse punctate inflamm of cornea + pannus extending as a growth of fibrovascular tissue from conjunctiva to cornea.

Microscopy shows: lymphocytes, inclusion bodies, neutrophils

Back 65

TRACHOMA from Chlamydia trachomatis!

Front 66

Keratan sulfate deposits in anterior chamber/cornea

Back 66

Macular Dystrophy

Front 67

Microaneurysms of retinal vessels

+ hemorrhages
+ arteriolar hyalinization
+ cotton-wool spots
+ neovascularization
+ fibroplasia

Back 67

Diabetes Mellitus

Front 68

Sickle cell can cause someone to have what ocular complications?

Back 68

Intraretinal hemorrhages

Front 69

Pregnant lady gives birth to pre-mature baby with Apgar scores of 4 & 6 at 1&5 mins. The infant has hyalin membrane disease and is intubated and given 100% O2.
2 months later the baby is blind

Back 69

Retrolental fibroplasia

Front 70

Important ocular complication of corticosteroids

Back 70

Cataracts

Front 71

Nuclear sclerosis causes what in old ppl

Back 71

cataracts. It causes opacification dueto compresson of lens fibers in the center/nucleus of the lens