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69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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give a general description of lupus
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an autoimmune disease able to affect any part of a body where the immune system loses the ability to recognize self
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four of 11 criteria must be met for SLE... name a few
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malar rash
discoid rash photosensitivity oral ulcers arthritis renal disorder hematologic disorder immunologic disorder |
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what are ways that you can test for lupus
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urine test
blood test antibodies complement test tissue biopsy |
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what is ro
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a protein associated with the nucleus of a cell
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what is the environmental etiology of lupus
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UV exposure
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what is the main way to treat sLE
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corticosteroids
hydroxychloroquine aspirin immunosuppresive therapy |
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what is osteomyelitis
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infection of the bone
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what causes osteomyelitis
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bacti or fungal
usually staph a |
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what are the risk factors for osteomyelitis
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males
people at risk for infection ie. immunocompromised, drug users, DM, surgical |
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what are the signs and symptoms of osteomyelitis
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pain
fever swelling |
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what are some diagnostic tests for osteomyelitis
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blood test
imaging |
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how could you get osteomyeltiis
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seeding from open fracture
surgery |
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what are the most commonly infected bones in osteomyelitis
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tibia
femur |
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what are the treatments for osteomyelitis
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surgical removal
drainage antibiotic |
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what is celiac disease
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autoinnume disease that attacksw the villi of the small intestine
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what triggers the immune response in celiac
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gluten
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what is gluten
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protein in wheat made up of gliadins and glutenins
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what is the genetic predisposition for celiac
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HLA class II genes
HLA DQ |
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what do HLA DQ2 and HLA DQ8 do
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binding gluten peptides with teh help of translutaminase that modifies proteins
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what is the chance of inheriting celiac
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5 to 15%
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what is the prevalance of twins for celiac
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70%
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describe the pathogenesis of celiac
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gluten is resistant to enzymes secreted by villi
undigested gluten crosses epithelium HLA DQ recognizes and binds fragments CD4+ activate and produce TNFgamma T cells activate and migrate toward epithelium destruction of villi columnar cells are replaced with flattened |
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what are the complications of celiac
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digestion becomes hard
nutrient absroption is inhibited vitamina nd mineral deficiency protection barrier is compromised |
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what are the two forms of celiac
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typical and atypical
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what are symptoms of the atypical form
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dermatitis herpetiformis
iron deficiency failure to grow delayed puberty dental enamel abnormalities arthritis chronic hepatitis osteoporosis infertiligy |
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schizophrenia illness course is strongly associated with level of ____ ____ before psychosis
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social development
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what are the symptoms of schizo
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positive
negative cognitive function deficits |
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what are positive symptoms
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hallucinations
hyperlocomotion delusions |
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what are negative symptoms
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blunted affect
avolition |
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what are cognitive symptoms of schizo
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abnormal prefrontal cortex function
deficits in semantic and working memory |
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what are some of the causes of schizo
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developmental
prematurity reduce brain volume reduced structure volume in hippocampus frontal lobes and gray matter anantomical abnormalities |
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what are environmental factors involved in schizo
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poverty
urban arease illicit drug use pcp stress |
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what are the anatomical parts involved in schizo
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prefrontal cortex
hippocampus amygdala nucleus accumbens |
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what neurotrans are invovled in schizo
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dopamine
glutamate GABA |
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what does da do
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enhances motor function
cognitive memory habit learning |
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what are the characteristic symptoms of schizo
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two of the following
delusions hallucinations disorganized speech catatonic behavior negative symptoms like avolition |
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what are the side effects of the drugs for schizo
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extrapyramidal side effects
type II DM obesity ketoacidosis sedation suicide lowered WBC count |
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what are the symptoms of HPV
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asymptomatic
wars papillomas epidermodysplasia verrucifomris laryngeal papillomatosis |
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papilloma -
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wart
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papanicolaou =
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pap
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what is the target cell of Hpv
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keratinocytes
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what causes cancer with hpv
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E6 binds and degrades p53
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what may happen vertically with hpv
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laryngeal papillomatosis
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are warts typically precancerous
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no but varying strains are high risk for cervical, vulvar, penile, throat, oral rectal, prostate, colon, and vaginal cancer
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how do you treat hpv
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usually immun e system will clear up the viral infection on its own
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what is a stroke
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a focal vascular lesion tha tcuases an abrupt onset of neurological deficits lasting for a period longer than 24 hours
an interruption of the lbood supply to any part of the brain a brian attack |
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what is the third leading cause of death in the US
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stroke
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what are three types of strokes
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ischemic
hemorrhagic stroke subarachnoid hemorrhage |
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what is the fast method
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face
arms speech time |
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what are some of the signs of a stroke
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dyphasia
dysarthria ataxia sensory loss weakness |
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how do you know if its a hemorrhagic stroke
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elevated bp
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how do you know its a subarachnoid hemorrgahic stroke
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loss of consciousness
stiff neck |
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what is the ischemic penumbra
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area of less severly damaged cells
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what are the mechanisms of promoting cell death after a stroke
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excitotoxicity
oxidative stress apoptosis ionin imbalance |
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what is the leading cause of subarachnoid hemorrhagic stroke
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saccular aneurysms
rupture rests from thinning of the arterial wall |
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what are treatable risk factors of a storke
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hypertension
dm obesity smoking high chol carotid stenosis tIA alcohol drug use |
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what are risks of a stroke that are not treatable
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age
gender heredity race prior incidence of stroke |
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what is the shaking palsey
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parkinsons
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what are factors of pd
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movement
chronic progressive sporadic familial |
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what is UPS
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ubiquitin proteasome system
oxidizing self to rid reactive oxygen species |
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what causes pd
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dopaminergic neuron death occurring in the substantia negra pars compacta
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what is the lewy body theory of pd
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body's attempt at sequestering cells that have been damaged beyond repair
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what are the key symptoms of pd
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resting tremor
bradykinsia rigidity postural instability all are initation or termination fo movement |
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what are environemntal factors that seems to increase risk of pd
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herbicide
fungicide pesticide |
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what are signs of the ebola virus
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maculopapular rash
red eyes fever cough dysentery dic shock convulsions |
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is ebola RNA or DNA
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RNA filoviradae
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what is the most virulent strain
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zaire virus ZEBOV
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what causes mortality in ebola
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depletes NK and t cills via lymphocyte apop
elicits host immune reponse in concert cytokine storm host cannot clear virus |
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what is a treatment for ebola
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renal function
fluids interferon injections |
