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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are the high risk factors of hypercoagulability
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MI
surgery/tissue damage cancer artificial valves prolonged bed rest |
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what are the low risk factors of hypercoagulability
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smoking
sickle cell anemia oral contraceptives atrial fibrillation cardiomyopathy |
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what are the four fates of thrombi
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PEDR
propagate emboli dissolution recanalization and organization |
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where do phleotrhomses usually go
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lungs
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where do venous thrombi go
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lungs
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where do arterial thromboses go
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brain kidneys spleen
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what causes arterial thrombosis
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rheumatic heart disease
atherosclerosis |
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what are five types of embolization
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PSFACA
pulmonary systemic fat air or nitrogen cholesterol amniotic fluid |
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where do most systemic emboli come from
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80% from intracardiac wall thromboses 2/3 of these are left ventricular infarcts
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what is cor pulmonale
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right ventricular failure that causes PE
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what causes fat emboli
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fracture of long bone especiallky the femur
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what happens in amniotic fluid embolism
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mortality fate 80%
shock followed by DIC caused by tear in the placenta and rupture of uterine veins |
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what is DIC
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disseminated intravascular coagulation caused by widespread fibrin thrombi
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what goes on in DIC
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rapid consumption of platelets and coagulation proteins and activation and consumption of fibrinoluytic proteins
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is DIC a primary disorder
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no it is always a complication
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what is shock
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cardiovascular collapse
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what basically happens in shock
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BP drops hypoxia and loss of organ function
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what are fivemain causes of shock
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hemohrrage
MI burns PE microbial sepsis |
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what are the five types of shock
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CHANS
cardiogenic hypovolemic anaphylactic neurogenic septic |
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what causes cardiogenic shock
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MI, ventricular arrhythmias, PE leading to pump failure
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what causes hypovolemic shock
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hemorrhage and fluid loss from severe burns or trauma
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what can cause septic shock
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sinus
pneumonia peritonitis abcess |
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what percentage of deaths are caused by gram neg bacti
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70%
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what is released in response to LPS
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cytokines, NO, TNF, IL1, platelet activating factor
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the inflammatory response in shock leads to...
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severe hypotension
decreased myocardial contractility widespread endothelial damage and activation activation ofthe coagulation system multiorgan system failure |
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how do you treat shock
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treat underlying disorder
rapid expansion of blood volume support respiratory function increase M contractility with catecholamines |
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what are major influencing factors of infectious disease througout history
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plague
typhus smallpox malaria syphillis |
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how do organisms become virulent
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gain access
avoid defenses accomodate to grow parasitize resources |
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what are the ectoparasites
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viruses
rickettsiae bacteria protozoans helminths |
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how do the ectoparasites infect
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bites through skin defenses
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how do we get intestinal tract infections
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contaminated food or water by fecal material
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