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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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define pathology
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study of suffering
the study of strcutral nd functioanl abnormalities that re expressed as diuseases of organs and systems |
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what are the levels of pathology
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molecular
cellular tissue organ organism |
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give an example of whats going on at each level
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change in protein
mitosis crowded by dense hard mass in lung weight loss fatigue pain |
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what is etiology
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the cause of the diesase
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waht are the four main types of etiology
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genetic
congential acquired idiopathic |
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what is epidemiology
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the study of determinant distribtuiona nd events intdisease states
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what are symptoms
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the patient's subjective experience
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what are signs and how do you kmow
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can be detected by observer
physical exam lab test imaging |
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what is a syndrome
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a typical pattern of signs and symptos associated with a disease process
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definitoin. the development or cause of the disease
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pathogenesis
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what are three types of pathogensis
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acute
chronic insidious |
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what is an example of insidious
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high bp
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what ar elesions
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injury sites froem teh disease process
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what is a diffuse lesion
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unifomrly distributed lesion
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sequela =
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complication
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what is sub lethal cell injury
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leads to chronic cell injury
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what is lethal cell death
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permanent organ injury associatd with the death of individual cells
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what are causes of persistant stress
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inadequate o2
nutrient interruption of trophic signals chronic inflammation genetics chemicals and drugs abnormal G protein activity |
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what is an example of inadequate oxygenation
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carbon monoxide poisoning or high altitude
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in hypoxia an alternative metabolism causes a switch from ____ _____ to glycolysis
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oxidative phosphorylation
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what are two types of nutrient deficiency
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primary secondary
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what is primary nutrient deficiency
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deficiency in the diet
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what is secondary nutrient edeficiency
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unable to absrob nutrients likein pernicious anemia where patient cannot absorb b12
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what are some causes of chronic inflammation
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trauma
radiaiton changes in pressure microbial agents |
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what are causes of trauma
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temp extremes
radiation chan ges in pressure mechanical retained foreign materials like carbon or asbestos |
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what do toxins do
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interfere with cell eprmeability osmotic homeostasis and enzyme or cofactor
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toxins from ____ ___ and ___ ___ activate G proteins and lead to chornic inflammation
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vibrio cholerae
e coli |
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define atrophy
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cell shrink and decrase differnetiated function
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is atrophy normal? reversible?
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sometimes and sometimes
can be for the thymus after adolescence not normal if cell death and not reversible |
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waht is hypertrohy
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an increase in cell SIZE accompanied by increased funcitonal capacity
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what are the causes of hypertrophy
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physiologic like sex
abnormal hormonal like goiter functional demand like muscle exercise |
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what is hyperplasia
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increase inthe nubmer of cells in an organ or tissue
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what are the causes of hyperplasia
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hormonal like endometrial during menstruation
functional like RBC in altitude constant irritation like smoking |
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define metaplasia
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replacement of differnetaited tissue wiht another differnetiated cell type
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what is dysplasia
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occurs when chronic injury persists and is defined as disordered growth and maturation of the cellular components of a tissue
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