Path Exam 4

Front 1

Adema

Back 1

excess fluid in body tissue, skin to break open lead to infection.

Front 2

Causes of Adema

Back 2

infection, meds

Front 3

Adema: Changes in Body

Back 3

electrolite levels:
sodium,
congestive heart failure,
kidney failure,
liver disease,
lymph fluid,
increased pressure in capillaries due to obstruction in venus system,
anything to increase capillarie permibility,
low protein levels in blood, causes change in osmotic pressure to cause fluid to move of vascular system

Front 4

Anasarca

Back 4

generalized adema throughout body

Front 5

Hydrocele

Back 5

accumuation of fluid in scrotum, congenital or due to trauma.

Front 6

hydrocephaly

Back 6

accumuation of fluids (cerebral spinal fluid) in brain ventricles and subarracnoid space.

Front 7

lymphodema

Back 7

lymph build up in one area of body,
exp: woman with extatomy, one arm being swollen.

Front 8

hydroparicardium

Back 8

in paracardial sac, failure of heart to adiquately circulate, pressue of heart

Front 9

Ascites

Back 9

moving to abdominal cavity

Front 10

hydrothorax

Back 10

aka plural effusion chest cavity

Front 11

pitting adema

Back 11

skin is memory foam like

Front 12

Hyperemia

Back 12

increased blood flow to area of body.
Basodialation associated with inflamation.
Increased arteriol flow
decreased venus return
Either active or passive.

Front 13

Active (hyperemia)

Back 13

associated with atreo flow

Front 14

Pathologic (hyperemia)

Back 14

trauma, inflammation, infection
passive is always pathologic

Front 15

passive (hyperemia)

Back 15

staying in area, decreased venus return

Front 16

physiologic (hyperemia)

Back 16

normal bodily functional

Front 17

active phyiologic (hyperemia)

Back 17

excersize, digestion, test taking, sexual arrousal

Front 18

Ischemia

Back 18

opposite of hypermia, decreased blood flow to area...temporary decrease.

Front 19

causes of ischemia

Back 19

thrombus (clot)
hypotension- drop in blood pressure
arterio or athro sclerosis
external pressure
problem with innervation to vessels, veins to diolate.e

Front 20

effects of ischemia

Back 20

fainting
TIA
Angina

Front 21

TIA

Back 21

transient ischemic attack:
mini strokes,
if repeated- have actual stroke
depending on where will tell what area brain it will occur. Resolved in 12-24 hours.

Front 22

Angina

Back 22

Temp decreased blood slow to heart
chest pain heart area
able to be releaved by rest Affect depend on length of time and where it is.

Front 23

Thrombosis

Back 23

process of clot formation.
Clot itself refered as thrombus.
Clot attached to vessel wall.

Front 24

Causes of thrombus:

Back 24

trauma vessel wall,
no blood circulating,
cardiac disorder,
vascular disorder,
increase blood or platlets: gets thicker=bad circulation. Sepsis: organisms in blood.

Front 25

Location of clot:

Back 25

Venus: blood pooling in area. likely occur in legs, in deep veins.
ateriol: trauma or atrio or athro schlorosis.
Severe, no blood flow decreased oxygenization.
Clot can actually form within heart itself: infection, heart failure or attack.

Front 26

Changes in thrombus:

Back 26

want to dissolve, build phibrinolysin (enzyme),
medications given as well. Don't want break apart= fragments go all over.

Front 27

Consequences of clot:

Back 27

decrease blood flow
passive hyperemia: venus clot lead to development of wet gangrene,
artrioil: dry gangrene

Front 28

enfortion

Back 28

death of tissue.

Front 29

Tumor cells spreading lead to

Back 29

metastasis

Front 30

Hemorrhage:

Back 30

aka extravasation
blood move out vascular sys.
internal- refered as concealed: blood left vasc syst, still contained in body.
external- hemhorrage: blood leaves the body. occur from veins, or cappil's.
arteriol hemhorrage:bright red blood, spurting with heart beat.
venus: dark red, continuous flow.
cappilary: slow oozing of blood.
Most common cause: trauma. Other causes: vascular disease, hypertention (lead to rupture of vessels and blood diseases,hemophilia.)

Front 31

per diapedesis:

Back 31

break in vessel. intact but vessel more peremable but blood is leaking

Front 32

Petechiae:

Back 32

pin point hemhorrages in skin.
anywhere in skin:
vomiting see vessels in face.

Front 33

Hematuria

Back 33

blood in urine.

Front 34

ecchymosis

Back 34

Area of bleeding in the skin,
aka bruise.

Front 35

Hematoma

Back 35

swelling of blood.
Blood blister or large.
large: enzised.

Front 36

Purpura

Back 36

areas of bleeding into skin,
people who have blood diseases, hemophilia.

Senile purpura: older ppl ;skin is thinner.

Front 37

Epistaxis

Back 37

nose bleed,
result: high blood pressure
excess drinking,
snorted drugs.

Front 38

Hemoptysis

Back 38

coughing up blood from resp system.

Front 39

Hematemsis

Back 39

vomiting blood from digestive system.

Front 40

Melena

Back 40

blood in feces, from lower digestive system.

Front 41

Hemopericardium

Back 41

bleeding into pericardial sac.
pressure on heart; lead to heart failure.

Front 42

Hemothorax

Back 42

bleeding into chest cavity.

Front 43

Hemoperitoneum

Back 43

bleeding into abdominal cavity.

Front 44

Menorrhagia

Back 44

excessive bleeding; menstral period.

Front 45

Mettorrhagia

Back 45

excessive bleeding between menstral period.

Front 46

SHOCK

Back 46

blood no reach body tissue, decreased tissue perfussion.

Front 47

Shock: cardiogenic

Back 47

prob in heart,
not adiquately pumping blood
Heart attack
irregular heart beat
congestive heart failure
cardiac arrest.

Front 48

Shock: hypovolemic

Back 48

due to loss blood or bodily fluids. also due to:
trauma
severe burns
dehydration.

Front 49

Shock: peripheral circulatory

Back 49

prob in blood vessels.
Result from stenosis, norrowing of vessels.
also:
thrombis
embelles
anurism reptures
narcodic meds.

Front 50

Shock: septic

Back 50

result gram negative infection ; pseudomonas aeruginosa
ecoli
clebselia pneumonia.

Front 51

Shock: anaphylactic-

Back 51

extreme allerigic reaction,
symptoms plus smooth muscle
death occur w/in mins if respiratory system.

Front 52

primary shock

Back 52

comperable; fainting,
immediately after trauma or emotional.
Short duration and sypmtoms =mild.

Front 53

secondary shock

Back 53

totally collapse,
while to develop
lasts longer
more severe symptoms.

Front 54

s & s:shock:

Back 54

decreased blood flow
drop body temperature
heart beat faster w/weak rapid pulse
shallow rapid respiration. sweat a lot and little urinary output=increase thirst.
Pale, cold, clammy.
Still & zoned out or very aggiative
one extreme or another.

Front 55

S & S septic shock

Back 55

fever
shaking chills
nausia and vomit,
cramping and diarrhia,
risk:
ppl immunosepressed.
age extremes
preggo biatches

Front 56

alterio schlorosis

Back 56

best artery to use: cerrotid.
see a lot of it

Front 57

athroserosis

Back 57

plack, multi-injection.

Front 58

Formtion of decubitus alcers:

Back 58

ppl who are bedridden
surface, if not treated they can go down to bone.
Problems: odor; easily infection and leakage.

Front 59

Skin slip

Back 59

thin skin with less fat.

Front 60

Adema

Back 60

cause defussion and secordary dilusion.

Front 61

bypass

Back 61

large insistion in leg
tend to use staples
remove and suture.

Front 62

Pace maker

Back 62

no problem with embalming process,
cremation; have to remove.
Darken and swell and skin will break open.

Front 63

Artharitis

Back 63

position issues,
severe deformities and getting fluid both distribution and defussion.
getting fluid to body parts its easy to break

Front 64

diabetese

Back 64

ampution,
fresh; a lot issues.
Gangrene common especially in lower extremeties.

Front 65

Medications

Back 65

cause neutrolize fermaldahyde. Side effects: discoloration of skin, jaundice.
Damage to kidney, pneumonia present.
Bone structure: bones are weaker

Front 66

Ferenzic pathology

Back 66

qualifications:
elective and generally 2-4 yrs. voting age,
reside in jurisdiction
member of political party.

Front 67

Resposibilies of coroner:

Back 67

conduct inquest and summon a jury.
Order obstopsy.
final say: cause of death
issue death certificates and cremation permits.
Determine time body released to family.
Go to death scene: photos and evidense.

Front 68

med examiners:

Back 68

MD, appointed.
Term continue till die or retired or removed.
hold medical license in state serving.
certified by American board of pathology in ferenizic or anatomical pathology.
Same responsibilites are coroner also issue:
sapena and conduct public hearings.
office responsibilites:
prepare budget

Front 69

Reason's to report:

Back 69

still birth, infant death within 24 hours of delivery; allegany county up to 16 weeks.
result of criminal abortion.
during or after surgical procedure.
in hospital in result of accidental injury.
Wrong meds, or blood type.
body can't be identified.
in police custody or in prisson including any prisoner who dies in hospital.
related to employment.
Any home including home hospice care.
unsure if report or not.
death happens within 24 hours.
death from sex crime.
confined setting, like mental institution.

Front 70

Abrasions

Back 70

surperficial scrapes on skin.

Front 71

Bruises

Back 71

extravascular,

Front 72

Laserations

Back 72

splitting or tearing of skin,

suture or wax.

Front 73

Avulsion

Back 73

tearing away large piece of tissue,
happen on parts that stick out from body

Front 74

Rule of 9's:.

Back 74

determine how much of body is burned:
head -9%
anterior trunk 18%,
posterior trunk 18%,
extire arm 9% each,
anterior right leg 9 %,
posterior leg 9% on each. Genital's 1%

Front 75

Asphixia

Back 75

Struggle breathing against interference w/resp interference.

Front 76

Ways Asphixia occurs

Back 76

Suffocation
choking
gagging

Front 77

Suffocation

Back 77

obstruction of airways (smothering)

Front 78

choking

Back 78

objects lodged in airways.

Front 79

gagging

Back 79

Mucus or blood obstructing airway.

Front 80

Traumatic axphixia

Back 80

something making it impossible to breath.
EXP:flail chest from car accident.

Front 81

Ways for traumatic axphixia to occur

Back 81

Strangle
drowning

Front 82

strangle

Back 82

pressure by:
manually
ligature

Front 83

Drowning

Back 83

liquid or semi-liquid
occur w/o submerge.

Front 84

What coroner looks for w/drown victim

Back 84

airways into lungs.
Before: If in airways or into lungs.
After: water in lungs or throat but not lower.

Front 85

temp body decomp w/water

Back 85

cool water: slow
Warm water: speedy

Front 86

RBC reaction to salt content in water

Back 86

salt: RBC sink in themselves called crenation and hemoconcentration (thick blood)
Fresh water: RBC expand to rupture, thinned blood.

Front 87

Post mordom

Back 87

Cyanosis
intense rigormortis
hemhorrhages in face and tongue.

Front 88

Hanging

Back 88

weight of body, almost always suicide except sexual crap.

Front 89

Hanging, above ligature

Back 89

pertquia, Venus: blood can't drain from head, see dark blue to black discolor in face.
Blood drain, sianosis.

Front 90

Infant death

Back 90

child obtained separate exsistence.

Front 91

Ways infant death occur

Back 91

Comission: Something has been done.
Omission: something someone should have done (feed)

Front 92

SIDS

Back 92

Sudden infant death syndrome
Unexplainable death of otherwise healthy infant.
#1 cause death under 1 yr.

Front 93

SIDS Risk Factors

Back 93

Maturnal; Mum under age 20
No prenatal care
Smoking, booze, drugs
Little weight gain
Mum-anemia
Abnormal placenta like placenta separated too soon.

Front 94

Infant risk facts

Back 94

Recent resp infection
Sibbling w/SIDS
Higher for males
Birth-fall or winter
Early birth

Front 95

SIDS risk factors; race

Back 95

American Indians
Blacks
2-3 Xrate
lower socioecinomical rate.

Front 96

Diagnosis or SIDS refered to as

Back 96

Exclusion

Front 97

Vulnerable infant

Back 97

Immature brain stem
not much of myelin (resp breathing & heart rate)

Front 98

Maltreat of child

Back 98

neglect
abuse
battering
munchausen by proxy

Front 99

Child neglect

Back 99

not providing for child needs

Front 100

Child abuse

Back 100

physical or sexual
the older- the worse.

Front 101

Child battering

Back 101

repetative serious injures to child

Front 102

Munchausen by proxy

Back 102

inflict injury and illness usual on child for attention.
mother in 20's who studied health care.
boose in bottle
inject urine

Front 103

Neonatalcide

Back 103

Death w/in 1 month.

Front 104

Characterist in Neonatalcide, mother's

Back 104

Halosinations