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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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acquired herniations of the gallbladder mucosa through the muscle wall
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Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses
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9 y/o child presents with abdominal pain and jaundice. What is the likely cause?
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choledochal cyst
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Caroli disease
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autosomal recessive disease
segmental dilatation of intrahepatic bile ducts |
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what is Caroli disease associated with?
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polycystic kidney disease
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most common malignancy of bile ducts
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cholangiocarcinoma
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most common cause of cholangiocarcinoma
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primary sclerosing pericholangitis
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Pt. presents with jaundice and Courvoisier's sign. What should you suspect?
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cholangiocarcinoma
Courvoisier's sign - palpable GB |
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what causes cholesterol stones?
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↑ cholesterol in bile
↓ bile salts and lecithin (both normally solubilize cholesterol in bile) |
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risk factors for cholesterol stones
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5 F's
fat female 40 y/o fertile (use of oral contraceptive pills - estrogen ↑ cholesterol in bile) Fast weight loss, use of lipid-lowering drugs Native Americans |
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what does a black pigment gallstone indicate?
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chronic extravascular hemolytic anemia
calcium bilirubinate (excess bilirubin in bile) |
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what do brown pigment stones indicate?
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infection in the common bile duct
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most common cause of acute cholecystitis and the mechanism behind it
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obstruction of cystic duct by a stone causes ↑ intraluminal pressure and ischemia to GB wall; mucosal ulceration predisposes to infection (usually E. coli)
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cause of acute cholecystitis other than a stone
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infection with CMV or Cryptosporidium in AIDS pts.
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Pt. presents with sweating, abdominal pain, N/V and a fever. He says the pain was initially in the midepigastric region but stopped. The pain then moved to the RUQ and radiates to his right scapula. He describes the pain as constant and dull. He reports that he ate 20 minutes ago.
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acute cholecystitis
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Pt. presents with severe, persistent epigastric pain. He finished eating 1.5 hours ago. He also complains of belching and feeling bloated.
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chronic cholecystitis
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most common cause of gallbladder adenocarcinoma
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cholelithiasis
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Porcelain gallbladder (gallbladder with dystrophic calcification)
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gallbladder adenocarcinoma
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cholangitis
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biliary tree inflammation
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mucocele
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clear mucinous secretions in an obstruted GB causing it to distend
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enlarged, tense, bright red to blotchy green-black GB
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acute cholecystitis
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wall of the GB is variably thickened and gray-white
cholesterol-laden macrophages in the lamina propria (cholesterolosis) |
chronic cholecystitis
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choledocholithiasis
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stones within the biliary tree
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ascending cholangitis
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bile duct bacterial infection
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who is at risk for carcinoma of the GB
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women over 60
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Klatskin tumors
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tumors arising at the confluence of the right and left hepatic bile ducts
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