Path And Pharm 8

Front 1

Where you can get an infectious disease:

Plane old infectious diseases that we get because someone sneezed on us. Flu, colds, etc. NOT from a medical setting.

When infectious disease has been acquired from a medical treatment, advice, procedure e.g. catheter, IV surgery

ID acquired in the hospital/treatment center e.g. wound infections, pneumonia, etc.

Back 1

Community

Iatrogenic

Nosocomial

Front 2

Proteins, not living at all, but they can cause disease

Back 2

prions

Front 3

Disease transmission can be _____ or _____

Indirect involves _____.

Back 3

Indirect
Direct (involving person-to-person)
Vectors

Front 4

What etiologies live in the soil

Back 4

fungi

Front 5

Indirect transmission (as opposed to direct person to person) involves _____ and _____ vectors.

Back 5

non-animal and animal

Front 6

Disease from an animal vector

Back 6

Malaria & rabies

Front 7

Etiology from the respiratory system

Back 7

TB

Front 8

What's in feces

Back 8

E Coli

Front 9

Enteric refers to

Back 9

the GI tract

Front 10

Understanding the _____ events for any organism is necessary so that prevention methods can be devised.

Back 10

transmission

Front 11

When viruses & bacteria enter blood

What's our body's response?

Back 11

viremia
bacteremia

inflammation (acute & chronic)

Front 12

Natural History of Infections

Back 12

Enter through a barrier
Multiply
Spread locally
Enter blood
Disseminate

EMS ED

Front 13

Outcomes of infectious diseases

Back 13

Recovery
Complications
Death

Front 14

_____ cancers are caused by viruses

Back 14

cervical

Front 15

S/S of microorganism etiologies

Back 15

all of those of acute and/or chronic inflammation...white blood count included

Front 16

Infectious Diseases cause cell/tissue damage by
_____-like a virus which gets in the cell and it just bursts
_____-by toxins produced by microorganism (food poisoning)
Trigger host response (_____)

Back 16

Direct injury of cells (viruses get in cells and they burst)
Indirect by toxins produced by microorganism
Trigger Host Response (Inflammation )

Front 17

Fungi usually live in

Back 17

yeasts and molds

Front 18

Superficial vs. Deep fungi

Back 18

Superficial involve low morbility/sickness. Deep (lungs, heart, kidney) are the opposite and can result in death

Front 19

Pathogenesis for Fungi

Back 19

Inflammation (+/- granulomas)

Front 20

Body's response to viral infections

Named viral infections

Back 20

Chronic Inflammation (humoral/cellular)

viral_____itis

Front 21

Fungal infections are seen especially in people who are _____ like _____, _____, and _____.

Back 21

Immunocompromised
transplants
AIDS
chemotherapy

Front 22

Staphylococcus, Streptococcus are bacteria found on our _____ and _____. They're a problem when they get inside our body.

Back 22

skin & oral cavity

Front 23

Bacteria in our GI tract

Back 23

E Coli

Front 24

Antibiotic:
Difference between Broad spectrum and Specific/Selective

Back 24

A drug may be effective against many different bacteria vs only 1 or a few types of bacteria.

Front 25

Antibiotic:
Difference between B. Bactericidal vs Bacteriostatic

Back 25

A drug may kill bacteria vs a drug may just limit the growth and proliferation of bacteria

Front 26

Basic Mechanism of Antibacteria Drug Action
Inhibition of _____, _____, or _____.

Back 26

cell wall synthesis & function...Bactericidal (Penicillin)
protein synthesis...Bacteriostatic (Erythromycin)
DNA/RNA function...Bactericidal and Bacteriostatic

Front 27

A given bacteria may develop either _____or _____ resistance

Back 27

Single Multidrug

Front 28

Why do we get vaccinations?

Back 28

So that our bodies create protective IgGs and chronic inflammation can occur quicker next time

Front 29

Pathogenesis of Infectious Diseases

Back 29

= Incubation period
+/- Transmission
Necrosis
A/C Inflammation
Neoplasms

Front 30

There are _____+ viruses which cause human illness. It's the ____ common cause of human illness. Composed of _____.

Back 30

400
most
a few proteins + DNA/RNA

Front 31

Polio attacks
Hep A-E attacks

Back 31

Virus which attacks motor neurons
Virus which attacks liver cells

Front 32

Pathogenesis of fungi

Back 32

A/C inflammation (+/- granulomas)

Front 33

TB which live IN our cells when it infects them

Back 33

mycobacteria

Front 34

Bacteria make many toxins:
Exotoxins are _____ and include _____ & _____
Endotoxins are part of the _____ (and triggers many _____)

Back 34

secreted by the bacteria
cholera/diarrhea
bacteria cell wall
inflammatory signals

Front 35

Pathogenesis of Bacteria

Back 35

A/C Inflammation (especially humoral)

Front 36

Bacteria evolve and become resistant by

Back 36

Destroying the antibiotic
Modifying the site where the antibiotic binds to it
Developing ways to keep the drug out of the interior

Front 37

What's the big problem we're concerned with

Back 37

MRSA (Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus)

Front 38

Adverse effects of antibiotics

Back 38

rash, diarrhea, UV Hypersensitivity

Front 39

Antiviral drugs are those that are effective in inhibiting the _____ of pathogenic viruses. They do not _____ the virus

Back 39

lifecycle
kill

Front 40

Important Steps in Viral Infection:
1. adsorption of virus onto host cell/_____ on the host cell. That might be the step that the antivirals choose to inhibit.
2. Penetration and _____ of the virus in the host cell. It sheds it outer layer so the raw DNA is available.
3. _____ of Viral particles in the host cell so that it can replicate.
4. Maturation and _____ of new viruses

Back 40

BINDING
uncoating
Synthesis
release

Front 41

Basic Mechanisms of Antiviral Drug Action
1. Block 1 or more of the steps of viral infection
2. These steps are _____ for each virus…so the drugs are specific for a virus. It’s going to be different for a liver cell or for a respiratory virus. For uncoating, the enzymes are going to vary from virus to virus. There’s so much individuality. Drugs have to be specific to a specific virus.
3. These generally have to be _____ as soon as the viral infection begins. Otherwise, you have too many baby virus cells out there.

Back 41

specific
started

Front 42

Examples of viruses and their antiviral drug

Back 42

• Herpes simplex types 1 and 2 (cold sores and genital herpes/sores)…Acyclovir
• Influenza A (serious outbreaks of the flu)…Amantadine
• HIV (AIDS)…Reverse transcriptase inhibitors