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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define abcess
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A large collection of neutrophils spitting out lytic enzymes that the body walls off
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An abcess is an example of _____.
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liquafactive necrosis
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Medical term for foreign invasion
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antigen
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1st line of defense against Ag's
These are Ag_____/_____/_____. |
Our body's physical barriers
Skin, sneezing, mucous, pH Antigen non-specific/innate immunity/indiscriminate |
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Our body's 2nd line of defense
This is Ag_____/_____/_____. |
acute inflammation
Antigen non-specific/innate immunity/indiscriminate |
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Our body's 3rd line of defense
This is Ag_____. There is an _____ response. 2 Cells involved? 2 Organ systems involved? |
Chronic inflammation
Antigen specific immune response Macrophages & lymphocytes Lymph nodes & spleen |
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Chronic Inflammation onset & duration
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days
days to months to years |
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2 ways chronic inflammation is initiated
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Etiology -> acute inflammation -> couple of days of nothing happening -> chronic inflammation OR
Sometimes the etiology goes straight to chronic inflammation. |
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5 Etiologies of Chronic Inflammation
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Agent is a cell or is in a cell
Agent causes recurrent injury (physical damage) Agent is poorly degradable Agent is self--autoimmune |
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Examples of etiologies (in Chonic Inflammation) where the agent is in a cell
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Viruses and a TB bacteria
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Examples of etiologies in chronic inflammation where the agent IS a cell
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Microbes, cancer cells, transplanted cells
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Examples of etiologies in chronic inflammation where the agent non/poorly degradable
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TB
Some fungi Sutures Minerals like asbestos & silca sarcoidosis |
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The leukocyte involved in the antigen specificity in chronic inflammation
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lymphocyte
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The combination of macrophages & lymphocytes.
Besides these what other cells are involved in chronic inflammation? |
mononuclear
plasma cells |
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Cytokines involved in chronic inflammation released from macrophages & lymphocytes that summon other macrophages & lymphocytes
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IL 1 & TNF
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Cytokines involved in chronic inflammation:
released from macrophages & lymphocytes to activate the macrophages and lymphocytes |
IL 1
TNF Interferon |
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sarcoidosis
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an idiopathic disease characterized by grandulomas
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Destruction phase of chronic inflammation: cytokines involved
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ROS & Proteases
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Repair phase of chronic inflammation: what's involved (especially the cytokines involved)?
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growth factors
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Interferon function (there aren't any medications)
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Recruits macrophages
fever myalgias |
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Interleukin 1 (IL1): Function & Medication
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Fever, lethargy, loss of appetite
Induces PG synthesis Glucocorticoids |
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TNF: Name, Function, & Medication
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Tumor-Necrosis Factor
Fever, Lethargy, Loss of appetite Induces PG synthesis Causes Tumor Cells to kill themselves (apoptosis) Glucocorticoids |
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Functions of compliment proteins/proteases
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Many roles
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Glucocorticoids:
A family of hormones produced naturally in the _____. The primary family member is _____ (clincal _____) Levels vary during the day (based off of the _____)...peak is at 8am, troughs at midnight. Levels increase with any _____. |
adrenal glands
cortisol hydrocortisone circadian rhythm stress |
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Glucocorticoids (I think)
Anti-inflammatory drugs enter into _____ and ______ and turn off the _____ responsible for making inflammatory _____ (IL 1, TNF, etc.). Therefore, the effects of the mediators are _____. As a result, _____ and _____ is suppressed as well. |
macrophages & lymphocytes
genes mediators suppressed acute/chronic inflammation |
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Medical Uses of glucocorticoids
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Halt any inflammatory disease or state like
Allergic responses, autoimmune disorders, Osteoarthritis Prevent inflammation (for instance, transplant rejection) |
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Adverse effects of glucocorticoids:
Causes _____ to stop producing cortisol _____: round, puffy face; truckal obesity, muscle wasting in limbs _____, ______, _____ (these arise in part from the catabolic effects of the drugs on muscle, tendon, ligaments, bone, and skin) |
adrenal gland
Cushing syndrome Osteoporosis, hirsutism, glucose intolerance (similar to diabetes) |
