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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Describe the restoration and structural arrangement that occurs with repair? How is this different from regeneration?
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With repair, there is some restoration and some structural derangement but with restoration the cells proliferate to completely replace lost tissues.
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__ tissues only regenerate when necessary. __ growth allows restitution of function.
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Stable tissues regenerate only when necessary. Compensatory growth allows restoration of function.
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Define differentiation.
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Primitive cells that can become almost anything.
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Which tissue type regenerates throughout life?
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Labile tissues.
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These tissue type replicates rapidly but only when triggered by certain stimuli.
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Stabile.
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Which tissues are no longer in the cell cycle?
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Permanent.
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Describe the two mechanisms for stem cell maintenance.
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Obligatory asymmetric replication - one self replicates and the other differentiates. Stochastic differentiation - Two self renew and two differentiate.
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What is the disadvantage of both types of cloning?
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Both are inefficient and inaccurate. There is a deficiency is histone methylation that leads to incorrect gene expression.
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What are the two checkpoints of the cell cycle?
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One before synthesis and one before mitosis.
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What are the three signaling mechanisms in cell growth?
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Autocrine (self to self), paracrine (between adjacent cells), and endocrine (between distant cells).
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Describe the structures made by the following types of collagen: I, II, IV, VII.
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I - bone, tendons, most organs. II - cartilage, IVD, vitreous humor, IV - basement membranes. VII - anchors at dermal-epidermal junctions.
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What causes Ehlers-Danlos syndrome?
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Defect in collagen.
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What causes Marfan’s syndrome?
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Defect in fibrillin-1.
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__ is the most important growth factor for stimulation of collagen syntehsis.
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TGF-beta.
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__ is the main factor for angiogenesis and __ is a secondary factor.
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VEGF - main. Angiopoietin 1 and 2 - secondary.
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