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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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cellular swelling
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reversible
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nuclear chrom clumping
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reversible
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decreased ATP synth
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reversible
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ribosomal detachment and decreased protien synth
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reversible
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glycogen depletion and fatty change
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reversible
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Plasma membrane damage and mitochondrial permeabitly
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irriversible
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lysosomal rupture
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irreversible
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Ca2+ influx adn oxidative phophorylation
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irreversible
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pyknosis, karyolysis, karyorrhexis
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irreversible
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transudate: fluid
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hypocellular, low protien, Sp. grav <1.012
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transudate: due to
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increased hydrostatic P and decreased oncotic P, Na+ retention
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exudate fluid
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cellular, protien rich, Sp. grav >1.020
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exudate: due to
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lymphatic obstruction, Inflamm
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Neutrophil rolling
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E and P selectins on vascular enoth
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Neut: tight binding
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ICAM-1 on enoth binds LFA-1(integrin) on leukocyte
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free radical :cause
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Ionizing/UV radiation
drug metabolism, redox, nit.oxide, transition metals,oxidative burst |
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Free rad: injury
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lipid peroxidation, protein modification, DNA breakage
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free radical: degradation
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enzymes( catalase, Sup. Oxide DM, glut. peroxidase) spontaneous decay, antioxidants( Vit E & A)
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Congo red stain
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B-pleated sheets of Amyloidosis
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Primary Amyloidosis: protien, source, deposits
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AL (Ig lt chain), associated w/ plasma cell disorder (mulitple myloma), deposits in heart, muscle, kidney, tongue
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secondary Amyloidosis: protien, source, deposits
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AA, serum amyloid-associated protien (chronic inflam dz leads to increased SAA), deposits in parynchymatous tiss- kidney, liver, adrenals, pancreas, lympth nodes, spleen
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senile amyloidosis
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transthyretin, AF, usually in heart and brain
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DM2 Amyloidosis: protien, source, deposits
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amylin, insulin or glucagon derived, deposits in islet cells
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Medularry Carcinoma of thyroid Amyloidosis: protien, source, deposits
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A-CAL, calcitonin, amyloid deposits in tumor
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Alzheimer's dz Amyloidosis: protien, source, deposits
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amyloid precursor protein (APP), beta-amyloid, gene for this is found on CH 21
note Down Synd often has early onset Alzheimer's |
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Dialysis associated Amyloidosis: protien, source, deposits
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beta 2-microglobulin, MHC I, deposits in joints,
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hyperplasia
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increased cell NUMBER
reversible |
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dysplasia
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abnl prolif of cells, loss of size, shape , and orientation
reversible |
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insitu carcinoma
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not yet invaded BM
monoclonal cells |
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hamartoma
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non-neoplastic tissue overgrowth
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metaplasia
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one cell type replaced by another
reversible |
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anaplasia
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abnl cell lacking differentiation
irreversible |
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carcinoma
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epithelial origin
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sarcoma
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mesenchyme origin
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more prognostic value: stage or grade
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stage
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stage
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degree of localization/ spread
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grade
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degree of cellular differentiation
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metastasis
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extranodal mets has greater signif than nodal mets
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staging
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T-tumor size
N-node involvement M-mets |
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most common cause of cancer deathin adults
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lung
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