Path #7 - Hemodynamic D/o

Front 1

Define edema.

Back 1

Accumulation of excess fluid in the intercellular spaces or body cavities due to disturbances in normal fluid exchange.

Front 2

Anasacara.

Back 2

Total body edema. Often in neonates.

Front 3

What are the two forces governing fluid flow in capillaries?

Back 3

Hydrostatic pressure (fluid out) and capillary oncotic pressure (fluid in).

Front 4

What is the difference between inflammatory and non-inflammatory edema fluid?

Back 4

Inflammatory fluid is exudate (protein rich). Non-inflammatory fluid is transudate (low in proteins).

Front 5

Name four causes of non-inflammatory edema.

Back 5

Increased intravascular oncotic pressure. Decreased colloid osmotic pressure. Impairment in lymph flow. Sodium and water retention.

Front 6

What is the primary cause of pulmonary edema?

Back 6

Congestive heart failure.

Front 7

__ is the direct cause of pulmonary edema. Name three diseases that could lead to the development of pulmonary edema.

Back 7

Left heart failure is the direct cause of pulmonary edema. HTN, aortic valve disease, and CAD could lead to PE development.

Front 8

What is the primary clinical presentation of right heart failure?

Back 8

Peripheral edema (also see distended neck veins, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly).

Front 9

__ is the primary protein responsible for maintaining plasma oncotic pressure?

Back 9

Albumin.

Front 10

Describe a common cause of lymphatic obstruction.

Back 10

Surgery - mastectomy with axillary lymph node dissection.

Front 11

__ and __ are two forms of increased blood volume in a particular area of the body. Describe the difference between these two.

Back 11

Hyperemia (active process; arterial dilation) and congestion (passive process; impaired venous drainage).

Front 12

What causes chronic passive congestion of the liver?

Back 12

Right heart failure.

Front 13

What are the thee determinants of hemorrhage clinical significance?

Back 13

Volume, rate, and location of blood loss.