Path 404: Disordered Respiration, Ventilation, And Pulmonary Perfusion

Front 1

They key function of the respiratory system is the maintain ____ and ____ homeostasis.

Back 1

CO2, O2

Front 2

The term ____________ is used interchangeably with reduced PaCO2 and ______________ with increased PaCO2.

Back 2

hyperventilation, hypoventilation

Front 3

Reduction of arterial PO2 is known as __________.

Back 3

hypoxemia

Front 4

Name the mechanisms of hypoxemia.

Back 4

1) low inspired oxygen 2) impaired diffusion 3) hypoventilation 4) low V/Q 5) right-to-left shunt

Front 5

True or false: By definition, static lung volumes are measured while no flow is occurring.

Back 5

true

Front 6

________ volume is the volume of air remaining at the end of the forced exhalation.

Back 6

residual

Front 7

_____________ volume is the maximum volume of air exhaled by forced expiration after the end of normal exhalation.

Back 7

expiratory reserve

Front 8

_______ volume is the volume of air inspired with each breath.

Back 8

tidal

Front 9

_____________ volume is the maximum volume of air inhaled by forced inspiration after inhaling a normal tidal volume.

Back 9

inspiratory reserve

Front 10

______________ is the volume of gas remaining in the lungs at the end of a normal breath and is the sum of the ______ and the _________.

Back 10

functional residual capacity, expiratory reserve volume, residual volume

Front 11

___________ is the maximal volume inhaled from normal end expiration and is the sum of __________ and __________.

Back 11

inspiratory capacity, tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume

Front 12

__________ is the volume of air inhaled or exhaled between maximal inspiratory and expiratory effect.

Back 12

vital capacity

Front 13

_____________ is the amount of air in the lungs at the end of maximal forced inspiration.

Back 13

total lung capacity

Front 14

The two forces that impede inflation of the lung are _________ and _________.

Back 14

resistance and elastance

Front 15

When the elastic recoil of the lungs is less, the lung is said to be more __________.

Back 15

compliant

Front 16

True or false: In emphysema, the lungs are more compliant.

Back 16

true

Front 17

True or false: In fibrotic lungs, the lungs are more compliant.

Back 17

false

Front 18

A disease in which total lung capacity is decreased is known as a _____________ disease.

Back 18

restrictive lung

Front 19

True or false: In a restrictive lung disease, residual volume could either increase or decrease depending on the specific situation.

Back 19

true

Front 20

Reduced ____________ is the hallmark of obstructive airway defects.

Back 20

FEV1/FVC

Front 21

What does FVC stand for?

Back 21

forced vital capacity

Front 22

What does FEV1 stand for?

Back 22

forced expiratory volume in the first second

Front 23

What are two mechanisms of airflow obstruction?

Back 23

1) narrowing of airway lumen 2) dynamic airway narrowing (collapsed airway)

Front 24

Which two things can cause narrowing of airway lumen?

Back 24

1) increased thickness of airway wall and 2) mucus or secretions blocking the lumen

Front 25

In which diseases is narrowing of the lumen observed?

Back 25

asthma and COPD

Front 26

In which disease would dynamic airway narrowing be seen?

Back 26

emphysema

Front 27

True or false: the pulmonary circulation is a high resistance system.

Back 27

false

Front 28

Increases pressure in the pulmonary vascular system is known as ___________.

Back 28

pulmonary hypertension

Front 29

What event can cause acute pulmonary hypertension?

Back 29

pulmonary thromboembolism

Front 30

What can cause chronic pulmonary hypertension?

Back 30

chronic lung disease, recurrent pulmonary thromboembolic disease, or congential heart disease