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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the most common type of lung tumor?
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bronchogenic carcinoma 90-95%
originate in teh bronchila epithelium |
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What is the most common visceral malignancy in men?
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bronchogenic carinoma
males > females |
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What is the most frequently fatal malignancy?
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bronchogenic carcinoma
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What are some industrial hazards that inc the risk of bronchogenic carcinoma?
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ratiation
uranium asbestos other |
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What are some indoor airpollutants that inc risk of broncho. carcinoma?
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radon
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What are some oncogenes associated w inc risk of bronchogenic carcinoma
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c-myc
k-ras |
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What are some tumor suppressor genes associated with an inc risk of bronchogenic carcionma?
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p53
retinoblastoma chromosome 3? |
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What is benzopyrne have to do with bronchiogenic carcinma?
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inc risk due to damage to DNA at p53
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What is up with scarring?
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some cancers form near pulmonary scars particularly adenocarcinomas
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What is the typical presentation of a pt. with bronchogenic carcinoma?
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in 50 (M) with cough for months and inc sputum
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What are the 2 main groups of lung cancers?
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small cell
non-small cell |
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What is the typical presentation of a pt with small cell bronchogenic carcinoma?
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M smoker
central cavitary necrosis arise centrally (endobrachial polypid growth) |
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What is the histology of small cell bronchogenic carcinoma?
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keratin formation
intercellular bridges atypia & invasion |
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What is the typical presentaion of a pt with adenocarcinoma?
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(F) non-smoker
peripheral w pleural rxn & puckering - associated w scarring grows more slowly & metastasizes more frequently usually asymptomatic |
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What is the histology with adenocarcinoma?
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glandular with mucin
papillary solid broncioloalveolar*** |
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What is bronchioalveolar carcinoma?
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subset of adenocarinoma
1-9% of all lung cancers |
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What is the gross morphology of bronchioalveolar carcinoma?
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single peripheral nodule
multiple nodes diffuse pneumonia like infiltrate |
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What is the histology of bronchioalveolar carcinoma?
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**Lepidiec spread
nonmucionous 2/3 of time mucinious 1/3 - worse |
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What is lepidiec spread?
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tumor spreads along alveolar septa
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What do you see with small cell carcinoma?
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extensive necrosis, crush artifact
secretory granules of neuroendocrine type etopic hormone production excellent response to chemoradiation |
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What is paraneoplastic syndrome?
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etopic hormone production with a neoplasm
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What is large cell carcinoma?
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pleomporphic, large cells without differentiation
ultrastructural evidence of glandular or squamous differentiation |
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Giant cell carcinoma
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highly malignant
most peripheral <10 mo survival |
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Clear cell carcinoma
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clear cells, glycogen rich
dx of exclusion |
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Adenosquamous carcinoma
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squamous cell
& adenocarcinoma in same neoplasm peripheral tumor associated w scar smokers! |
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What are some types of paraneoplastic syndrome?
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cushings
hyponatermia carcinoid syndrome hypercalcimia myasthenic syndrome |
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What paraneoplasitic syndromes are associated with small cell carcinoma?
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cushings
hyponatremia carcinoid syndrome myasthenic syndrome |
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What paraneoplasitic syndromes are associated with squamous cell carcinoma?
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hypercalemia
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neuroendocrine proliferations in normal lung
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neuroendocrine cells within epitheium as single & cluster
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Carcinoid tumors
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1-5% of all lung tumors
<40 yo M=F 20-40% non smokers low grade malignant neoplasms |
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Microscopic carcinoid
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nest/cords/masses
uniform cells with round nuclei salt & pepper chromatin |
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carcinoid syndrome
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intermittent diarrhea, flushing, cyanosis
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Clinical course of carcinoid tumors
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metastases rarely occur
hemoptysis, cough, infections, obstructive sx, atelactasis or emphysema |
