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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the equation for pH?
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HCO3/(.03*PCO2)
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pH reflects?
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overall acid base status
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CO2 is acidic or basic?
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acid
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PCO2 reflects?
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respiratory component of acid base balance
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PCO2 <35
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repiratory alkalosis
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PCO2 >45
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respiratory acidosis
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HCO3 refelcts
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metaboic component of acid base balance
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HCO3 is acidic or basic?
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basic
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HCO3 <22
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metabolic acidosis
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HCO3 >26
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metabolic alkalosis
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BE reflects
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the pH buffers in the blood
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intracellular pH buffers
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hemoglobin
oxyhemoglobin phosphates bicarb |
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extracellular pH buffers
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bicarb
protines inorganic phosphates |
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PO2 reflects?
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amount of dissolved O2 in the blood
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SO2 reflects
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ratio of O2 actually combined with Hb compared to the amount of O2 Hb can carry
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FIO2 is
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% O2 contined in the air that a person is breathing
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Hypoxemia may be diagnosised only if
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the person is breathing room air
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What is the equation to determine if a person will be hypoxic on room air?
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FIO2 X 5 = lowest acceptable PO2
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What is the anion gap?
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Na+ - (HCO3 + Cl)
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anion gap is almost always associated with?
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metabolic acidosis
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Anion gap detects?
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addition of acids
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an increase gap should go with
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decrease in HCO3
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What are the most common causes of a high anion gap?
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lactate & ketones
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What is osmotic gap
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quatifies acid precursors (methanol & ethyleneglycol)
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What does a high BUN/Creatinine ratio indicate?
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dehydration -> metabolic alkalosis
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Compensation with respiratory disorders
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alters metabolic excerion of HCO3
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Compensation with metabolic disorders
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alters respiration of PCO2 - much faster
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Compensation is driven by
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pH only
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No compensation
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pH normal
PCO2 or HCO3 is normal while other is abnormal (opposite) |
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Partial compensation
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pH abnormal
BOTH PCO2 & HCO3 are abnormal |
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Full compensation
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pH is normal
PCO2 &/or HCO3 maybe abnormal |
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PCO2 & HCO3 should both go the same way.. if they do not?
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mixed disorder
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Repiratory Acidosis
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inc PCO2, low pH
due to dec alveolar ventilation |
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Causes of repiratory acidosis
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dec alveolar ventillation
COPD, respiratory depression, pneumonia, chest injury |
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Repiratory Alkalosis
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dec PCO2, high pH
due to inc alveolar ventillation |
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causes of respiratory alkalosis
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anxiety & pain
shunting interstitial lung disease |
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Metabolic Alkalosis
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high HCO3, high pH
acute |
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causes of metabolic alkalosis
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vomitting
dehydration base ingestion (antacids) citrate after massive blood transfusions |
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Metabolic acidosis
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dec HCO3, dec pH
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causes of metabolic acidosis
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acid over production
precursor ingestion acid underexcretion base loss |
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Acid over production
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metab acid
inc anion gap lactic acid (shock, hypoxia, anemia, alcohol) ketoacidosis |
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precursor ingestion
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meta acidosis
inc anion gap salicylates - no osmotic gap methanol/ethyleneglycol - high osmotic gap |
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acid underexcretion
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metab acid
renal failure inc anion gap |
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Base loss
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metab acid
HCO3 lost in urine/stool normal anion gap!!!! chronic |
