Path 2 Exam 1

Front 1

the absence of fingers

Back 1

Adactyly

Front 2

Absence of upper, lower, or both limbs

Back 2

Amelia

Front 3

A feature of Marfan Syndrome
found in other disorders involoving genes that encode extracellular matrix proteins, such as Ehlers-Danlos syndrome

Back 3

Arachnodactyly

Front 4

Fusion of the fingers or toes caused by apoptosis of interdigital cells in fetal limb buds

Back 4

syndactyly

Front 5

hereditary condition in which the growth of long bones is retarded, resulting in short limbs

Back 5

Achondroplasia

Front 6

mutation of genes encoding chains of collagen type 1 and cause osteopenia

Back 6

Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI)

Front 7

Caused by bone formation defects or pituitary abnormalities associated with growth hormone secretion

Back 7

Dwarfism

Front 8

Deficiency of GH receptor

Back 8

Laron-type dwarfism

Front 9

Deficiency of thyroid hormone

Back 9

cretinism

Front 10

Genetic disorder characterized by abnormal thickening of bones. AKA: Albers-Schonberg disease, marble bone disease

Back 10

Osteopetrosis

Front 11

"Lack of bone"
A decreased amount of bone visible on x-ray

Back 11

Osteopenia

Front 12

"Increase in porosity of bones"
A form of osteopenia characterized by decreased bone mass

Back 12

Osteoporosis

Front 13

age-related osteoporosis, accelerated bone loss

Back 13

Primary Osteoporosis

Front 14

Metabolic, endocrine, nutritional disorders causes this type of osteoporosis

Back 14

Secondary Osteoporosis

Front 15

"Softening of bones"
A metabolic disorder characterized by inadequate mineralization of osteoid

Back 15

Osteomalacia

Front 16

Osteomalacia in growing children

Back 16

Rickets

Front 17

Incresed bone resorption and replacement of bone trabeculae with fibrous tissue

Back 17

Hyperthyroidism

Front 18

Used to describe a set of changes seen in the bones of patients suffering from chronic renal insufficiency

Back 18

Renal osteodystrophy

Front 19

A disease of unknown etiology, characterized by abnormal remodeling and thickening of bones. AKA osteitis deformans

Back 19

Paget disease

Front 20

A stage of bone fracture healing which forms during the first week after fracture and is composed of granulation tissue, newly formed cartilage, and osteiod

Back 20

Provisional callus (procallus)

Front 21

A stage in bone fracture healing which during the 2nd week after fracture, it consists of more abudant collagenous matrix, cartilage, and osteoid in the process of calcification

Back 21

Fibrocartilginous callus

Front 22

A stage in bone fracture healing which is composed of haphazardly arranged bone spicules surrounded by CT

Back 22

Fibroosseous callus

Front 23

localized death of bone due to infarcts

Back 23

Osteonecrosis

Front 24

osteonecrosis of the head of the femur, typically found in 3-10 yr old boys

Back 24

Legg-Calve-Perthes disease

Front 25

osteonecrosis of the epiphysial tubercle of the tibia

Back 25

Osgood-Schlatter disease

Front 26

Inflammation of bones, most often caused by bacteria

Back 26

Osteomyelitis

Front 27

Chronic bone abscess fully enclosed by sclerotic bone

Back 27

Brodie Abscess

Front 28

osteomyelitis involving the vertebral column

Back 28

Pott disease

Front 29

the production of serum amyloid-associated protein which is deposited in the kidneys, liver, blood vessels, and other sites. Stimulated by chronic osteomyelitis

Back 29

amyloidosis

Front 30

Tumors of childhood and adolescence and involves the diaphysis of long bones

Back 30

Ewing sarcoma

Front 31

Tumors predominantly in the long bones of the extremities

Back 31

osteosarcoma

Front 32

Tumors that tend to involve the axial skeleton of the body

Back 32

chondrosarcomas

Front 33

Tumors the tend to occur in the metaphysis of long bones

Back 33

osteosarcomas

Front 34

The most common site of origin of giant cell tumors of the bone

Back 34

Epiphysis of long bones

Front 35

the most common malignant tumore of the metaphysis of long bones

Back 35

osteosarcoma

Front 36

The most common tumor of the diaphysis of long bones in children

Back 36

Ewing's sarcoma

Front 37

A small outgrowth of bone capped with cartilage and the most common benign tumor of bones

Back 37

osteochondroma

Front 38

the most common bone tumors of short bones of hands and feet

Back 38

Enchondromas

Front 39

one-sided enchondromas

Back 39

Ollier's Disease

Front 40

Multiple enchondromas associated with multiple hemangiomas

Back 40

Maffucci Syndrome

Front 41

Solitary benign bone tumors of the head of bones

Back 41

Osteomas

Front 42

Associated with colonic polyps in familial Gardner syndrome

Back 42

Osteomas

Front 43

fibroblastc tumors originating in the subperiosteal cortex of the metaphysis of long bones

Back 43

nonossifying fibromas

Front 44

the most common primary bone tumor, occuring in the metaphysis of long bones, and ~60% of all cases found in knee joint

Back 44

osteosarcomas

Front 45

bone tumor that invades locally and metatasizes hematogenously to the lung and is very malignant

Back 45

osteosarcoma

Front 46

2nd most common primary malignant bone tumor, peak incidence in 40-60 yr olds

Back 46

chondrosarcoma

Front 47

Tumor composed of undifferentiated primitiave cells of uncertain histogenesis, peak incidence in 5-20 yr olds

Back 47

Ewing Sarcoma

Front 48

This tumor forms bone spicules that are visible on x-ray(sunburst appearance) and give a gritty texture on sectioning

Back 48

osteosarcoma

Front 49

This bone tumor has "onion skin" appearance on x-ray

Back 49

Ewing sarcoma

Front 50

Benign tumor composed of spindle-shaped mononuclear cells, account for 20% of all bone tumors, peak incidence is 20-40 yrs old

Back 50

Giant cell tumor

Front 51

Most common malignant tumors metastasizing to the bones of adults

Back 51

Carcinomas of prostate, breast, lung, kidney, GI tract, thyroid

Front 52

tumor that presents with multiple lytic lesions, most prominent in the skull bone, ribs, and vertebrae

Back 52

multiple myeloma

Front 53

most common bone tumor in children and young people, originates from metaphysis of long bones

Back 53

osteosarcoma

Front 54

most common malignant bone tumor of adults, in axial skeleton

Back 54

chondrosarcoma

Front 55

A chronic disease characterized by progressive degneration, destruction, and loss of articular cartilage. AKA: DJD

Back 55

osteoarthritis

Front 56

osteophytes in distal interphalangeal DJD (1st carpometacarpal and 1st tarsometatarsal joints)

Back 56

Heberden node

Front 57

Chronic systemic disease of unknown etiology causing inflammation of diarthrodial joints

Back 57

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

Front 58

RA that begins before the age of 16

Back 58

Juvenille RA

Front 59

Diseases that involve the joints of the vertebral column

Back 59

spondyloarthropathy

Front 60

freely moveable joints held together by a joint capsule

Back 60

diarthrodial

Front 61

Seronegative arthropathy preferentially involving the vertebral column and sacrum

Back 61

ankylosing spondylitis

Front 62

Type of osteoporosis that primarily affects bones with large cancellous compartment, such as vertebral bodies. AKA postmenopausal

Back 62

Type 1 primary

Front 63

Osteoporosis that leads to thining of the cortical portion of long bones. AKA senile

Back 63

Type 2 primary

Front 64

an autoimmune condition that develops in response to an infection in another part of the body. AKA Reactive arthritis

Back 64

Reiter's syndrome

Front 65

A syndrome that includes a clinical triad of seronegative arthritis of large joints, urethritis, conjunctivitis

Back 65

Reiter syndrome

Front 66

evolves due to the extension of infections from adjacent structures or hematogenous spread

Back 66

infectious arthritis

Front 67

villous outgrowth of intraarticular synovial fronds that fill the joint cavity and consist of proliferating synovial lining cells, fibroblasts, angioblasts, and hemosiderin-laden macrophages and causes brownish color lesion

Back 67

pigmented villonodular synovitis

Front 68

A metabolic disease characterized by hyperuricemia and depostition of urate crystals in joints, subcutaneous soft tissue, and kidneys

Back 68

Gout

Front 69

idiopathic gout and accounts for 90% of all cases

Back 69

primary gout

Front 70

Gout which is a complication of other diseases or their treatment

Back 70

secondary gout

Front 71

overproduction of uric acid from nucleic acids

Back 71

hyperuricemia

Front 72

results from massive aggregates of uric acids, which form nodular masses protruding into joint and eroding the joint surfaces of the bones

Back 72

chronic tophaceous gout

Front 73

aggregates of urate crystals surrounded by infiltrates of lymphocytes and occurs most often in subperiosteal parts of the bones

Back 73

tophus

Front 74

A common joint disease caused by deposition of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) crystals. AKA chondrocalcinosis

Back 74

psudogout