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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Where are Ab make for blood?
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peyer's patches; both A/B ag from food trapped by M cells near the B lymphoctes-->dev Ab against Ag but only those that we don't have an ag to, which is why O has both a/B
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What cell traps A/B ag?
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M cells
peyer's patches; both A/B from food trapped by M cells near the B lymphoctes-->dev Ab against Ag but only those that we don't have an ag to, which is why O has both a/B |
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O group ag?
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universal donor b/c no ag of A/B but there are A/B ab so can't recieve anything but O. have IgM and IgG Ab so the IgG can gross the placenta to cause HDN
duodenal ulcers |
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O group has a high incidence in this disease?
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duodenal ulcers
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Group A?
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have anti-B IgM; can receive A/O blood
common in gastric adenocarcinoma |
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what disease is common in Group A blood?
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gastric (A)denocarcinomas
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isohemagglutanins
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Agents that cause agglutination of red blood cells. They include antibodies, blood group antigens, lectins, autoimmune factors, bacterial, viral, or parasitic blood agglutinins, etc.
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elderly and newborns are similar how (blood)
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NB-no Ab (IgM); IgG from mom
elderly-lose Ab so imparied humoral/cellular immunity; prob no hemolytic transfusion rxn; dec CD8T cells |
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forward type blood test
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pt RBC + Ab; ID blood gp
If B blood group the B agglutinates |
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backward type blood test
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pt RBC w/ RBC;
if type A then no rxt w/ type A yes w/ type B |
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alloimmunization?
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Ab against an Ag not ont he RBC like D, Kell, Duffy (Fy), I/i (atypical Ab)
sensitized if Ab is preent; can lead to HTR if blood is given IgG Ab best in warm temp |
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warm temp induce what Ab?
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IgG
georgia |
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Duffy ag does what?
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area where P. vivax binds; most blacks lack Fy so protect against malaria
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name 3 diseases that protect aginst P Falciparum
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G6PD, B thal, sickle cell
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Anti-i hemolytic anemia
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IgM for infectious mono
cold Maine |
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Anti-I hemolytic anemia
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for M. pneumonia
cold Maine |
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autologous transfusion
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collect pt own blood for future
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donor tests and screens
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indirect coomb's (ab screen for atypical Ab) also infectious disease like syphilis, HBV/HCV/HIV/HTLV/CMV
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most common infection in blood
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CMV on donor lymphoctyes; need to irridate blood to destroy lymphoctes to prevent dissemination in newborn
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what is the mc transfusion hepatitis
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HCV
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allergic transfusion rxn
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MC T1HS w/ IgE; a neg coombs; prot in donor blood causes urticaria w/ pruitis; fever, t4ach, wheezing and poss anaphylactic shock; mild case treat w/ antihistamine
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febrile transfusion rxn
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anti-HLA; Ab against foreign ag on donor leukocyte;
fever, chils, HA, flush tx w/ antipyretics comes from previous blood expsure like prego or blood transfusion; no + coombs; 1-6 hrs after transfusion |
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intravascular HTR
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acute!! medical emergency; within mins; caused usually by clerical error uncommon; ABO blood incompatable; T2HS; gave the wrong blood
back pain; fever hypotension DIC acute RF hemoglobinuria |
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extravascular HTR
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acute!! atypical Ab rxn w/ foreign ag on donor RBC; splenic macs phagocytose the donor RBC as a T2HS; dec Hb; delayed hemolytic w/ + coombs
3-10 days commonly because it was neg jaundice; fever, backpain hpotension, DIC, actue RF (pyruria) |
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what to do if there is a hemolytic transfusion rxn?
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stop transfusion but keep IV in place w/ saline; sent back to blood bank for transfusion rxn workup
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ABO HDN
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MC IgG-->fetus ~20% from O mom and A/B fetus; mild anemia w/ UCB extravasc hemolysis which is disposed of in liver; 1st child will not get the disease; juadice; sm risk kernicerus; normocytic anemia or none; prob no transfusion; +coombs on cord; spherocytes; T2HS; UCB; ABO protects mother form Rh sensitization b/c it is destroyed before sensitizaiton
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Rh HDN
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Rh- mom and fetus Rh+; 1st expose mom to fetus blood in last trimester or childbirth b/c cytotrophoblast is absent-->dev anti-D IgG in mom; 2nd extravasc hemolytic anemia T2HS-->highout put cardiac failure-->hydrops fetalis (L/RHF w/ ascites and edema0 + EMH-->death; UCB in mothers liver; more sever anemia w/ ajundice; inc risk of kernicterus b/c more unbound-->basal ganglia to damage neurons in brain w/ severe dysfunction; + coombs; no spheroctes b/c macs phagocytose entire RBC; exchange transfusion
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prevent Rh HDn by?
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anti-D globulin in 28th wk which can't corss placenta; protect mother from sensitization so only prevnets; lasts 3 mo in mothers blood so must give after each delivery if baby is Rh+; test made to det how much is needed; it eithe rmasks the sit or destroys the fetal rC
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if woman is sensitized to Rh?
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get sequential Ab titers and periodic amniocentesis via spectrophotometric analysis to ID bilirubin pigment at 450nm blue; delta OD 450 on a Liley charge det deg of severity and if fetus needs a transfusion
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photoisomerization does what?
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converts UCM to water-soluble dipyrrole (luminirubin)
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what has a greater viral load? HBV, HCV, HIV?
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HBV
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Apt test does what?
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tests mothers blood vs fetal blood
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periotoneal lavage detects what?
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intraabdominal bleed
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Epo does?
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inc RBCs from the kidney intersitial cells of the peirtubular cap bed via hypoxia (low o2)
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supravial stain shows?
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RNA filaments
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Reticulocyte equation
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HCT/45 x retic/2 w/ polychromasia
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extramedulllary hematopoisis
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outside BM; in the bone marrow is myelofibrosis; teardrop cells; collagen in the spleen, HSM, accel epo; expand BM in newborns w/ hair on end appearance, prom forhead and zygomatic chipmunk cheeks
can be in SSd or RH hemolytic or B thal |
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RDW
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size variation
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MCV
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normo, micro, macro; when inc is not normocytic
volume |
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MCHC
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Hb in RBC; less w/ big pallow; sperical is inc MCHC; hypochromasia
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Newborn RBC
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has higher RBC w/ HbF L shift inc EPO
dec the Hb |
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children RBC
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dec but have more 2,3 BPG so right shift to inc the O2
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males/female RBC
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males have more Hb-13.5 b/c of testosterone and females have 12.5 because of estrogen and menorragia
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Prego RBC
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lower Hb b/c of dissolution b/c in PV and RBCs <11 anemia
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mature RBCs differences b/n immature and other cells
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no mitochondria so no B ox, no ketons or ALa or CAC
2,3 BPG-Luebering-Rapaport pathway, pentose phosphate shunt (G6P glutithione) LA anaerobic glycolysis gluconeogenesis...cori cycle Met Hb reductase cycle |
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pentose phosphate shunt does what?
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makes glutitione GASh binds H2O2 enut oxdative metab for G6P
NADPH |
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what is the cori cycle
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what RBCs use for glucose anaerobic glycosis in liver LA-->glc via gluconeognesis
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dec Hb does what to O2?
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dec O2 content but not PaO2; you are dysp, fatique, dizzy apllor
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Luebering Rapaport pathway does what?
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2,3 BPG in RBC
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How do you resorb iron and how much is stored and where
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resorb via ascorbic acid in stomach acid; 1000mg in males and 400 in females in macrophagesw
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premature baby iron deficient from what?
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inc venipunture or loss form mother can poss high output failure b/c of dec V; palmar creases, pallor, P flow murmor SEVERE; also pale sclera
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plummer vinson syndrome
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GAAS-PEe
glossitis achlorhydria anemia spoon nails (koilonykia) Pica-ice esophageal web (dysphagia) |
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meckel's diverticulum
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iron def in a kid; + stool guiac
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