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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a hamartoma?
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Small, abnormally organized, well-differentiated, occurring in NORMAL location of tissue
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What are nevi?
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Pigmented harmartomas on the skin
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What is a choristoma or rest or embryonal rest?
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Small amount of normal tissue in an ABNORMAL LOCATION
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What is osseous metaplasia?
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Formation of bone in soft tissues, usually in response to chronic injury
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What is dysplasia?
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Abnormal organization of a tissue
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What is cachexia?
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Weight loss and associated widespread atrophy of body tissues
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Are benign or malignant tumors encapsulated?
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Benign
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What is aneuploidy?
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Abnormal number of chromosomes
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What is initiation caused by?
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DNA mutations that increase freq of mitosis, inhibit apoptosis, decrease repair of DNA damage, increase lifespan of cell
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What is promotion in cancer?
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Stimulation of initiated cells to undergo mitosis
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What is metastasis?
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Transplantation and growth of neoplastic cells in distant sites from the original mass
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What is the concept of fertile soil in metastasis?
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Tumors metastasize to sites dictated by their integrins and type of ECM in the destination
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What are proto-oncogenes?
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Normal genes that encode proteins that promote mitosis
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What are oncogenes?
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Altered proto-oncogenes
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What is p53?
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Master brake that causes cell cycle arrest in response to DNA damage
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Hyperadrenocortisolism caused from
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Pituitary adenoma or adrenocortical adenoma
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Hyperglycemia and coma caused by
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Insulinoma- tumor of the pancreas
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Hyperthyroidism caused by
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Thyroid tumors
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Pheochromocytoma caused by
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Neuroendocrine tumor of the adrenal medulla
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What is cachexia?
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Loss of body mass that cannot be reversed nutritionally
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Carcinoma
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Malignant tumor of epithelium
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Sarcoma
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Malignant tumor of mesenchymal tissue
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Homozygous loss of p53 in nearly ALL cancers
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Notes
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Epstein Barr Virus implicated in
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B cell tumors
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