Path 1: Section 1: Part 4 - Immune Hypersensitivity Diseases

Front 1

4 types of hypersensitivity Rxns

Back 1

1. Anaphylaxis, Immediate-type
2. Cytotoxic
3. Immune Complex
4. Cell-mediated, delayed

Front 2

Allergen

Back 2

Antigen responsible for hypersensitivity (allergic) rxns

Front 3

Allergy

Back 3

Unusual immune sensitivity to nonpathogenic antigen -> bad response

Front 4

Atopy

Back 4

Used interchangeable with allergy. Genetic disposition

Front 5

Anaphylaxis

Back 5

Immediate hypersensitivity to antigenic challenge.

Front 6

Anaphylactic Shock

Back 6

Most extreme Type I sensitivity - always potentially life-threatening

Front 7

Type I initial rxn mechanism

Back 7

Allergen -> IgE production -> binds to Fc on mast cells and basophils

Front 8

Type I subsequent Rxn

Back 8

Allergen attaches to Fab of cell-bound Fab -> primary mediator release -> synthesis of secondary mediators.

Front 9

Th2 Subset importance in type I

Back 9

Secretes IL-4 and IL-13 -> enhanced IgE production

Front 10

Th2 Subset importance in type I

Back 10

Secretes IL-2 and IFN-y -> down regulation of cell-mediated hypersensitivity

Front 11

Histamine effects in type I

Back 11

Binds to H1 and H2 -> contraction of SMs, Dilation of vessels, permeability, secretion of mucus and acid.

Front 12

Arachidonic acid products and results in Type I

Back 12

Prostaglandins and leukotrienes = second mediators.
Inflammatory response -> contraction of air ways and loss of blood fluids -> asphyxiation, shock or death.

Front 13

Mast Cells v Basophils

Back 13

Mast in tissues
Basophils in circulation
Both have
1. Histamine granules
2. Receptors for IgE

Front 14

Predisposition to Type I

Back 14

Viruses, Pollutants, and genetic factors (especially IL-4 production and HLA)

Front 15

Diagnosis Techniques for Type I

Back 15

Wheal and Flare - Reaching w/i min of skin pricks
RAST or ELISA Tests - detects IgE against specific allergens

Front 16

Hyposensitization

Back 16

Serial injections to decrease reaction to allergen specific IgE. Increases IgG and T suppressor activity.

Front 17

Type II hypersensitivity Def

Back 17

Binding of immune complexes to cell surfaces or tissues.
IgG or IgM

Front 18

Tissue Destruction Molecules

Back 18

C5-9 attack complexes and/or effectors (phagocytes) that have receptors for the Fc of IgG or C3b of complement to opsonize targets.

Front 19

Transfusion reaction Immunoglobulin

Back 19

IgM isohemagglutinins
O- = Universal Donor - Anti A and Anti B Present
AB = Universal Acceptor

Front 20

Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn

Back 20

Rh - mother becomes sensitive to Rh + fetus.
Second Rh + fetus reacts w/ IgG because it crosses the placenta.

Front 21

Penicillin and other drug immune side effects

Back 21

Induces a reaction by acting as haptens. Induces antibody on their own. Alters Pre-existing antigens.
Immune Complexes form on cell surface.