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7 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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‘‘Vocal learning and rhythmic synchronization’’ hypothesis
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Entrainment to a musical beat requires the neural circuitry for complex vocal learning, meaning only vocal learning species are capable of moving to a musical beat.
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Musical beat perception and synchronization (BPS)
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An unusual form of rhythmic entrainment that involves a periodic motor response to complex sound sequences, can adjust to a broad range of tempi, and is crossmodal.
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crossmodal
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When sound causes periodic movement but is not aimed at sound production. More generally, crossmodal means going from one modality to another, where modalities are things or systems like vision, hearing, touch, proprioception, etc. Here we have sounds heard by Snowball that cause body, head and wing movements that are not aimed at producing sound.
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Monte Carlo test
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Test involving 10,000 such experiments Patel performed that showed Snowball’s (the bird) actual degree of synchrony most likely did not occur by chance. In general it is a test to see whether some correlation is or is not random, and is named after the famous gambling casino in Monte Carlo.
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necessary but not sufficient
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If A (some event or condition) is necessary for B, that means you can’t have B without A. (E.g., you have to be 16 to buy alcohol legally. Being 16 is a necessary condition for buying alcohol legally. However, it may not be a sufficient condition. If A is a sufficient condition of B, then if A happens or is the case, then definitely B will occur. (E.g.., just being 16 is not enough to guarantee your buying alcohol legally, because you also have to have money. Thus being 16 is not a sufficient condition for buying alcohol legally. Having money is another necessary condition for buying alcohol legally.)
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How does necessary but no sufficient apply to music?
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There is a possibility that the neural circuitry for complex vocal learning is necessary for entrainment to a musical beat but something else, such as the ability to imitate nonverbal movements, may be required as well. So perhaps there are two distinct necessary conditions for entrainment to a beat, and neither one alone is a sufficient condition for entrainment.
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Open-ended vocal learning
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The ability to imitate sound patterns throughout life.
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