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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Metaprolol |
Sympatholytic B blockers Action- B blocker attaches to and blocks noepinephrine sympatholytics inhibits epinephrine and noepinephrine Effects- decrease SNS on vascular smooth muscle and decreases SVR AE- postural hypotension, jaundice, bronchospasms |
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Hydrochlorothiazide |
Thiazide, diuretic Action- inhibits reabsorption of Na and Cl in the distal tubule and relaxation of the arterioles Effects- decreases SVR in 2-4 weeks, decreasing cardiac output and reducing plasma and ECF volume AE- pancreatitis, anemia and renal failure Lab testing- monitor BP |
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Furosemide |
loop diuretic Action: inhibiting the Na K 2 Cl symporter in the thick ascending limb of the loop of henle which blocks chloride and sodium reabsorption Effects- increase seretions of Na and Cl which decreases preload and dilate vessels in kidney, lungs and decreases SVR |
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Diltiazem Hydrochloride |
calcium channel blocker antihypertensive Action- inhibits calcium ions influx across cell membrane during cardiac depolarization and produces relaxation of coronary vascular smooth muscle, dilates arteries Effects- arteriole vasodilation, decreases SVR, decreases BP AE- decrease PR, dizziness, weakness and headache Lab testing- monitor vitals, swelling |
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Losartan |
Angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARBs) anti-hypertensive Action- blocks the vasoconstriction and aldosterone secreting effects of angiotensin II, selective blocks the binding of angiotensin II to the receptor found on tissue Effects- decrease BP AE- dysrhythmias, renal failure, and angioedema Lab testing- assess BP, monitor electrolytes, obtain baseline for renal and liver function wMIym |
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Ramipril |
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE) Action- selectively blocks renin-angiotensin system stopping the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II (vasoconstrictors) Effect- causes arterial dilation, not veins, decreased BP in hypertension also decreases aldosterone secretions so loss in Na and H2O AE- postural hypertension due to short/fast mode of action (short half life necessitate 2-3 time daily dosing), cough Lab testing- BP, renal function, potassium levels |
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Clopidogrel (plavix) |
ADP inhibitor · Inhibits firsts and second phases of ADP inducedeffects in platelet aggregation, alters the platelet membrane so that is can nolonger receive the signal to aggregate and form a clotà decreased plateletaggregation (ADP is on cell membrane of platelet) · Used to reduce risk of stroke, MI, vasculardeath, peripheral arterial disease in high risk patients, acute coronarysyndrome, TIA, unstable angina · Adverse effects: headache, dizziness,depression, edema, hypertension, chest pain, N&V… · Lab testing- increased: AST, ALT, bilirubin,uric acid, total cholesterol, nonprotein nitrogen (NPN) |
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Aspirin |
Cyclooxygenase inhibitor · NSAID, anti-platelet· Inhibits cyclooxygenase in the plateletà platelet cannotregenerate cyclooxygenaseàprevents formation of TXA2 (thromboxane) àdecreased platelet aggregation, dilated vessels (reversing inflammation) · Blocks pain impulses by blocking COX1 in CNS,reduces inflammation by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis, antipyretic actionresults from vasodilation of peripheral vessels, decreased platelet aggregation· Uses- thromboembolic disorders, TIAs, angina· Adverse effects- stimulation, drowsiness,dizziness, confusion, seizures, headache, flushing, hallucinations, increasedpulse |
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Atorvastatin "statin" |
HMG-Coa reductase inhibitor · needed to produce cholesterol in the liver· decrease rate of cholesterol productionà increase LDL receptorsto remove LDL from circulation· AE: mild GI disturbance, elevated liver enzyme · Decreases LDLs and increases HDLs · Thyroid function test for lab testing may benecessary · Grapefruit juice stops the break down to“statins” leading to toxicity (so it’s a no-no), should take K supplementsinstead, lowers risk for CVD and stabilizes atherosclerotic plaque |
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Amitriptyline |
Tricyclic antidepressant · treats neuropathic pain· blocks the presynaptic uptake of theneurotransmitters (serotonin and norepinephrine) · AE: anticholinergic effects such asconstipation, urinary retention, dopaminergic blockadeà hypotension, histaminergicblockadeàsedation, serotonergic blockadeàsexual dysfunction |
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Warfarin sodium |
Anticoagulent · preventionfuture blood clots and helps reduce risk of embolism· action-inhibits vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors· effects-decrease blood coagulation, delayed effect, full effect is 5-7 days · adverseeffects- hemorrhage (increase when combined with antiplatelet drugs) · individualizedaccording to patient, large interindividual variability in dose response andnarrow therapeutic window· maintenancedose can fluctuate significantly depending on the amount of vitamin K in thediet, long half life so once daily, oral dosage |
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Vitamin K |
Antidote · VitaminK produced by body helps form blood clotting proteins which hold blood cellstogether to form clots, warfarin reduces the body’s ability to make vitamin Kwhich interferes with protein creationà lower levels of clotting proteinmakes blood cells less likely to clot · Capableof revering anticoagulant activity of warfarin sodium, therefor, avoid foodshigh in vitamin K |
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Dabigatran etexilate |
Direct thrombin inhibitor · Alternativeto warfarin sodium, pro-drug with no anticoagulant activity, pharmacokineticsare predictable à simplifies dosing and eliminates the need forfrequent blood tests and monitoring · Action-thrombin inhibitor · Effect-anticoagulant |
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Delteparin sodium |
Low molecular weight heparin · Action-inhibit factor Xa (prothrombin to thrombin)· Effects-decrease thrombin and prevention of fibrin (clot formation) |
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Alteplase |
Thrombolytic tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) · Tissue plasminogen activator, produced byrecombinant DNA technology (Chinese hamster ovary cells), time is crucial: 4.5hours therapeutic window from onset of symptoms · Stroke strategy- tPA within one hour of hospitalarrival, binds to the fibrin component of the thrombus (blood clot) andselectively converts thrombus bound plasminogen to plasmin · Effects- degrades the fibrin matrix of clot |
