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3 Cards in this Set
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Ancient Egypt: Egypt is located on the continent of Africa. Importance of hieroglyphics—Egyptian form of writing Egyptian scribes wrote on papyrus using a reed stylus. Discovery of Rosetta Stone led to the deciphering of hieroglyphics. Pyramids, built in Giza, were tombs for Pharaohs during the Old Kingdom. Egypt’s government was a monarchy. The pharaoh was worshipped as a god. The Nile River, the longest river in the world, provided life for the Egyptians: transportation, water for an irrigation system (irrigation canals), daily water needs, and silt deposits when it flooded. The deserts on either side of the Nile served as natural barriers from invaders. |
Buddhism· SiddharthaGautama—a wealthy young prince who saw people suffering but remaining happy. Thisstarted his quest for enlightenment which resulted in the birth of Buddhism. Goal in life—to end suffering.· 4Noble Truths—life is full of suffering· 8 FoldPath—guidelines on how to live. Life should not be too hard or too easy.· Diffusion—KingAsoka aids this; missionaries travel Silk Road to China |
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Greece: Geography—a peninsula with mountains, natural harbors, and surrounded by hundreds of islands Greece—made up of numerous city-states or polises which operated as political units Greece—beginning of democracy—all citizens participate—vote. Democracy—type of government of ancient Greece in which all citizens have a voice in the government Alexander the Great—conqueror; spread Greek culture as far as Egypt, into Africa and Indus Valley in Asia. Named cities after himself—Alexandria, Egypt. Socrates—philosopher, search for the right way to live. Plato—philosopher—student of Socrates who wrote down Socrates’ teachings. Aristotle—philosopher/teacher of Alexander the Great. Archimedes—mathematician/inventor. Writing—Greek alphabet Greeks were polytheistic and believed Zeus was the ruler of all the gods. Mosaics, decorative columns, hand painted pottery, architecture—Greeks excelled in these areas—we have copied much of their style of architecture (as seen in many government buildings) Sparta—city-state known for its military style life; citizens expected to be strong and well disciplined Athens—city-state known for democratic government, magnificent buildings (Parthenon), intellectual/academic activities Agora—meeting and marketplace of Greek cities; life revolved around the Agora Columns—Greeks responsible for decorative capitals on columns such as the Doric (plain), the Ionic (scroll top), and Corinthian (very fancy with flowers, leaves, etc.) Acropolis—acropolis area high on a hill in which city residents could be safe in times of waryNDA3N@G |
Hinduism· Aryansmigrated into India—broughtwith them songs of their gods (Vedas.) This was the start of Hinduism.· Polytheistic· Castesystem—devised to show rank in society· Reincarnation—thebelief in life, death, and rebirth.· Dharma—thelaws and duties of Hindu people.· Karmais the good and bad acts a person does.· Moksha—conceptof salvation· Diffusedto subcontinent |
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Rome Italy—located on the Tiber River; on a peninsula near Greece—in Mediterranean Sea Republic—a form of government in which people elect representatives to serve. Roman republic form of government like our systems of laws and courts. Roman laws—written as the Twelve Tables Romans practiced polytheism (the worship of many gods) and built the Pantheon, a domed temple dedicated to all the gods. Fought in the Punic Wars against Carthage in N. Africa The fall of the Roman Empire: internal weakness (poor leaders, increased taxes, corruption, citizen apathy) external attacks by the barbarians. Julius Caesar was the first dictator of Rome; gained popularity by giving citizenship to conquered people, created a 365-day calendar, assassinated by senators (feared his power) Augustus Caesar—first emperor of Rome; ruled during Pax Romana (time of Peace in Rome); unified and strengthened empire Dictator—a ruler who has absolute power and authority. Forum—public square in the cities in Rome Colosseum—arena used for public entertainment such as gladiatorial fights Gladiator—a professional fighter who fought both wild animals and men Pompeii—a city which was destroyed by the volcano Vesuvius Patricians—citizens of Rome, descended from the original founding families of Rome. They usually had land, money, and the right to be elected to the senate./ |
India: The Himalayas separated India from the rest of Asia, making it a subcontinent Aryan migration brought change—social structure (caste system), beliefs (Hinduism) Sanskrit—ancient Aryan writing Ancient Indian cities were laid out in grid patterns, citadel, granary. Harappa and Mohenjo Daro—paved streets and sewer systems. The earliest Indian civilization developed around the Indus River. Number system (Arabs borrow Indian system—becomes ours—used zero)l styli- |
