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97 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Why do pregnant women get anemia?
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Dilutional effect (RBCM rises 30% but volume rises 50 %)
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What are the degrees of vaginal lacerations?
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1st degree: skin
2nd degree: muscle 3rd degree: anus 4th degree: rectum |
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What is vernix?
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Cheesy baby skin
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What is meconium?
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Green baby poop
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What is lochia?
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Endometrial slough
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What is normal blood loss during a vaginal delivery?
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500 mL
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What is normal blood loss during a C-section
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1000 mL
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How do you treat A2 gestational DM?
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Insulin
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What are identical twins?
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-Egg split into perfect halves.
-Monochorionic |
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What are fraternal twins?
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Multiple eggs fertilized by different sperm.
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What is ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome?
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Weight gain and enlarged ovaries after clomiphene use.
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Who makes the trophoblast?
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Baby
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Who makes the cytotrophoblast?
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Mom (due to GnRH, CRH, TRH, inhibin)
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Who makes the syncytiotrophoblast?
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Mom and baby (hCG, HPL)
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When does implantation occur?
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1 week after fertilization
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When is beta-hCG found in urine?
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12-14 days after conception
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When is beta-hCG detectable in blood?
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8-11 days after conception
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What are some effects of estrogen?
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-Muscle relaxant
-Constipation -increased protein production -irritability -varicose veins |
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What are some effects of progesterone?
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-increased appetite
-increased acne -dilutional anemia -quiescent uterus -pica -hypotension -melasma |
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What make progesterone <10 weeks post-fertilization?
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Corpus luteum
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What makes progesterone >10 weeks post-fertilization?
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Placenta
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What is the function of beta-hCG?
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-maintains corpus luteum
-sensitizes TSHr to increase BMR |
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What makes beta-hCG?
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Placenta
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How fast should beta-hCG rise?
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Doubles every 2 days until 10 weeks (when placenta is fully formed)
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What is the function of AFP (alpha fetoprotein)?
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Regulates fetal intravascular volume
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What is the function HPL (human placental lactogen)?
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Blocks insulin receptors so sugar stays high (increases baby's sugar stores)
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What is the function of inhibin?
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Inhibits FSH (no menstruation)
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What is the function of oxytocin?
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-milk ejection
-baby ejection/uterine contractions |
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What is the function of cortisol in pregnancy?
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-decreases immune rejection of baby
-lung maturation |
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What are the thyroid hormone levels during pregnancy?
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Increased TBG (increase in bound T4, normal free-T4)
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What is a normal biophysical profile?
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>7
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What is a biophysical profile?
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"Test the Baby, MAN!"
Tones of the heart Breathing Movement AFI Non-stress test |
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What pelvis types are better for vaginal delivery?
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Gynecoid or Anthropoid
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What pelvis types will need C/S?
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Platypelloid or Android
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How do you predict a due date with Nagele's Rule?
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9 mo from start of last menses + 1 week
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How do you correct Nagele's Rule for cycles >28 days?
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Add x days if cycle is x days longer
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How much weight should a pregnant woman gain?
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1 lb/wk
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When should intercourse be avoided during pregnancy?
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3rd trimester b/c PG-F in semen may cause uterine contractions
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What is a Leopold maneuver?
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1) Feel fundus
2) Feel baby's back 3) Feel pelvis inlet 4) Feel baby's head |
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What is Stage I of labor?
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Up to full dilation
1) Latent phase (<20h): contractions, up to 4 cm dilation 2) Active phase (<12h): 4- 10 cm dilation (1 cm/hr) |
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What is Stage II of labor?
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Full dilation to delivery
Stage 0 - Baby above pelvic rim 1 - Engage 2 - Descend 3 - Flex head 4 - Internal rotation 5 - Extend head 6 - Externally rotate 7 - Expulsion |
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What is Stage III labor?
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-Delivery of placenta (due to PG-F)
-Blood gush, cord lengthens, fundus firms |
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How do you monitor baby's HR?
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-Doppler
-Scalp electrode |
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How do you monitor uterus?
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-Otodynamics
-Uterine pressure catheter |
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What Bishop's score predicts delivery will be soon?
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>8
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What are Braxton-Hicks contractions?
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Irregular contractions w/ closed cervix
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What is a vertex presentation?
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Normal; posterior fontanel presents first
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What is a sinciput presentation?
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Anterior fontanel presents first
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What is a face presentation?
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Mentum anterior -> forceps delivery
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What is a compound presentation?
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Arm of hand on head -> vaginal delivery
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What is a complete breech?
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Butt down, thighs and legs flexed
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What is a frank breech?
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Butt down, thigh flexed, legs extended (pancake)
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What is a footling breech?
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Butt down, thigh flexed, one toe is sticking out of cervical os
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What is a double footling breech?
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Two feet sticking out of cervical os
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What is a transverse lie?
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Head is on one side, butt on the other
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What is shoulder dystocia?
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Head out, shoulder stuck
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Can you try vaginal delivery on a woman who has had a classic vertical C/S previously?
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No. C/S for all future deliveries
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Can you try vaginal delivery on a woman who has had a low transverse C/S previously?
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Yes
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What is early deceleration?
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Normal; due to head compression
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What is late deceleration?
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Uteroplacental insufficiency b/c placenta can't provide O2 & nutrients.
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What is variable deceleration?
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Cord compression
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What is increased beat-to-beat variability?
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Fetal hypoxemia
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What is decreased beat-to-beat variability?
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Acidemia
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What is pre-eclampsia?
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HTN, proteinuria, gestation >20 wks (often present w/ edema also)
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What is the treatment for pre-eclampsia?
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Delivery
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What is HELLP syndrome?
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Hepatic injury causing
-Hemolysis -Elevated Liver enzymes -Low Platelets |
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What is eclampsia?
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Pre-eclampsia + Seizures
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What are the symptoms of eclampsia?
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H/A, changes in vision, epigastric pain
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What is the treatment of eclampsia?
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5mg MgSO4 to stop the seizures, then 2mg drip of MgSO4
-MUST DELIVER |
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What is chorioamnionitis?
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-Fever
-Uterine tenderness -Decreased fetal HR |
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What are the symptoms of amniotic fluid emboli?
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Mom just delivered baby and has SOB, PE, death
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What is endometriitis?
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Post-partum uterine tenderness
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What is an incomplete molar pregnancy?
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-2 sperm + 1 egg (69, XXY)
-has embryo parts |
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What is a complete molar pregnancy?
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-2 sperm + no egg (46, XX -both paternal)
-no embryo |
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What is pseudocyesis?
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Fake pregnancy w/ all the signs and symptoms
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What is the MCC of 1st trimester maternal death?
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Ectopic pregnancy
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What is the MCC of 1st trimester spontaneous abortions?
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Chromosomal abnormalities
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What are the MCC of 3rd trimester spontaneous abortions?
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-Anti-cardiolipin Ab
-Placenta problems -Infection -Incompetent cervix |
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What is a threatened abortion?
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-Cervix closed
-Baby intact -Tx: bed rest |
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What is an inevitable abortion?
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-Cervix open
-Baby intact -Tx: Cerclage (sew cervix shut until term) |
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What is an incomplete abortion?
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-Cervix open
-Fetal remnants -Tx: D&C to prevent placental infection |
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What is a complete abortion?
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-Cervix open
-No fetal remnants -Test: beta-hCG |
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What is a missed abortion?
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-Cervix closed
-No fetal remnants -Tx: D&C |
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What is a septic abortion?
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-Fever >100F
-Malodorous discharge |
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What is placenta previa?
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-Post-coital bleeding
-Placenta covers cervical os -Ruptures placental arteries |
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What is vasa previa?
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Placenta vessel crosses the internal os and gets damaged on AROM
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What is placenta accreta?
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Placenta attached to superficial lining
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What is placenta increta?
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Placenta invades into myometrium
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What is placenta abruptio?
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-Severe pain
-Premature separation of placenta |
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What is velamentous cord insertion?
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Fetal vessels insert between chorion and amnion
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What is a uterus rupture?
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-Tearing sensation
-Halt of delivery, head floating |
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What is an APT test?
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Detects HbF in vagina vs. maternal blood (+ test = fetal blood)
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What is Wright's stain?
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Detects nucleated fetal RBC's in mom's vagina
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What is a Kleihauer-Betke test?
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Detects % of fetal blood in maternal circulation (dilution test)
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What are the maternity blues?
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Post-partum crying, irritability
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What is post-partum depression?
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Depression after 2 weeks post-partum
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What is post-partum psychosis?
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Hallucinations, suicidal, infanticidal
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