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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Vitamin A
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Cofactor for PTH
Necessary for CSF production Needed for night vision Mild anit-oxidant Used for epithelial maturation, especially hair, skin, eyes |
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Vitamin A deficiency
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Poor Night vision
Low CSF Hypoparathyroidism Epithelial cells fail to mature |
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Vitamin A excess
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Pseudotumor Cerebri (headache and pappiledema)
Hyperparathyroidism (moans, boans, groans, and stones) |
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Vitamin B
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Pyruvate dehydrogenase
Alpha ketogluterate dehydrogenase Branched chain amino acide dehydrogenase Transketolase |
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Vitamine B deficiency:
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Dry beri-beri (dilated cardiomyopathy)
Wet Beri-beri (fluid involved) Wernike's encephalopathy: receptive aphasia (post. temporal lobe) Wernike's korsakoff syndrome: mamillary bodies involved confabulation |
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Vitamin B2 Riboflavin
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FAD, FADH (source is milk)
Deficiency: angular chelosis |
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Vitamin B3 (NIacin)
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NAD, NADH, NADP, NADPH
Deficiency: Pellagra (Diarrhea, dementia, dermatitis, death) Hartnups: defective renal transport of tryptophan |
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VItamin B4 (Lipoic acid)
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Pyruvate dehydrogenase
Alpha ketogluterate dehydrogenase Branched chain amino acid dehydrogenase No deficiency state |
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Vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid)
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Pyruvate dehydrogenase
Alpha ketogluterate dehydrogenase Branched chain amino acid dehydrogenase No deficiency state |
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Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)
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Needed by all transaminases
INH (isoniazid) pulls B6 out of body Can't make heme Deficiency: neuropathy and seizures |
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Vitamin B9 (Folate)
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1st to run out with rapidly dividing cells
Used to make THF from which nucleotides are made |
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Vitamin B9 (folate) deficiency:
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Megaloblastic anemia
Hypersegmented neutrophils Neural tube defects in fetuses (inc. AFP) |
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Vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin)
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Needed by:
Homocysteine methyltransferase Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase Used to make THF Used to recycle odd numbered carbon fatty acids |
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Vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin) deficiency:
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Megaloblastic anemia
Hypersegmented neutrophils Neuropathy Always treat as B12 if megaloblastic anemia due to neuropathy |
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Vitamin C:
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Used for hydroxylation
Hydroxylates proline and lysine in collagen and elastin Main antioxidant in GI system Deficiency: Scurvy (bleeding from gums and hair follicles) |
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Vitamin D
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Needed for bone and teeth formation
stimulates osteoclast formation Stimulates calcium and phosphorus absorption and reabsorption Deficiency: Rickets in children, osteomalacia in adults Rickets (lateral bowing of legs) |
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Vitamin E:
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main antioxidant in your blood
absorbs free radicals |
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Secretin:
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From: Duodenum
Stimulus: low pH Inhibition: high pH Where it goes: paracrine What it does: stimulate production of HCO3 from pancrease and GB; also inhibits gastric emptying Secondary messanger: CAMP |
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CCK: (WWF)
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From: Duodenum
Stimulus: Food, especially fats Inhibition: high pH Where it goes: pancreas and GB What it does: primarily fat and protein digestion Secondary messanger: IP3/DAG |
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GIP
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From: duodenum
Stimulus: glucose Inhibition: high pH Where it goes: pancreatic islet cells What it does: enhances insulin secretion |
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Somatostatin:
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From: duodenum
Stimulus: duodenal hormones Inhibition: high pH where it goes: paracrine What it does: purely inhibitory Secondary messenger: c-AMP |
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VIP
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From: duodenum (auerbachs plexus)
Stimulus: duodenal hormones Inhibition: high pH Where it goes: paracrine What it does: purely inhibitory Secondary messenger: c-AMP |
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Gastrin:
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From: antrum of stomach
Stimulus: high pH Inhibition: low pH Where it goes: parietal cells of stomach (mostly in body) What it does: production of HCL and IF (for B12 absorption) Secondary messenger: calcium |
