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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How do vaccines work?
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Vaccines present a part of the virus as antigens. All viruses are live-attenuated except the ones that can kill you - rabies and polio - these are killed vaccines.
All bacterial vaccines are conjugated - because part of their proteins are used as antigens and those antigens are added to - conjugated with - other proteins to induce the immune system to respond |
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The presence of IL-1 is indicative of...
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Inflammation
It is released by macrophages and may result in fever |
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What are three benefits of fever?
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Increased HR - 10 points for every 1 degree celsius
Increased blood flow = increased neutrophil and macrophage distribution to tissues Causes secretion of IgA |
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What are 3 ways to decrease/eliminate the immunogenicity of an agent?
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Detergent - destroys adhesions between microorganism and surface (washes away)
Antiseptic/Disinfectant - disrupts cell membrane and kills 99.9% of germs. The remaining germs have no endotoxin Sterilization - vaporized 121 deg celsius for 15 minutes kills spores |
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What are the two arms of the immune system? What cells are involved?
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Humoral - patrols blood - B cells and neutrophils
Cell mediated - patrols tissues - T cells and macrophages |
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What microbes are attacked by the humoral system?
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Bacteria
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What microbes are attacked by the Cell Mediated system?
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Everything else!
Viruses Fungi Mycobacteria Protozoa Parasite Neoplasm |
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The most common cause of infection is...#1...#2
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Viruses
#1 - CMV #2 - EBV |
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What cells show up during inflammation? When do the peak? When do they disappear?
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Neutrophils - 24hrs, peak at 3 days
T cells and Mac - 4 days, peak at 7 days Fibroblasts - 7 days peak at 1 month stay 3-6 months to complete fibrosis |
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What cells are present during all chronic inflammation? What is seen on biopsy? What is seen on x-ray?
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T cells, macrophages, fibroblasts.
See fibrosis on biopsy See calcification on X-ray |
