Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
138 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
REVIEW:
|
REVIEW
|
|
|
What are the peptidoglycan synthesis inhib's?
|
Bacitracin
Vancomycin Cycloserine |
|
|
What are the 50s Inhib's?
|
*CCELLS (Buys AT 30 CCELLS at 50)
Chloramphenicol Clindamycin Erythromycin Lincomycin Linizolid Streptogrammins |
|
|
What are the Streptogramins?
|
Dalfopristin
Quinopristin |
|
|
What are the 30s Inhib's?
|
*AT (Buys AT 30 CCELLS at 50)
Aminoglycocides (AMG's) Tetracycline |
|
|
What drug blocks Topoisomerase II/DNA Gyrase?
|
Fluoroquinolones
|
|
|
What are the Nucleotide Synthesis Inhib's?
|
Sulfonamides
Trimethoprim Pyrimethamine Methotrexate |
|
|
What drug inhibits mRNA synthesis?
|
Rifampin
|
|
|
What is the MOA of Rifampin
|
Blocking mRNA synthesis by inhibiting DNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase
|
|
|
What is the MOA of Penicillins?
|
1. Bind PBP's
2. Activates Autolytic Enzymes 3. Inhibits transpeptidase cross-linking |
|
|
What is the c/u of Ampicillin/Amoxicillin?
|
*HELPS Enterococci
H. Influenza E. Coli Listeria Proteus Salmonella Enterococci |
|
|
What is the c/u of methicillin?
|
Staph Aureus
|
|
|
What are the anti-Staph Penicillins?
|
*CONDM
Cloxacillin Oxacillin Nafcillin Dicloxacillin Methacillin |
|
|
What are the anti-Pseudomonas Penicillins?
|
*PTC of Pseudomonas in the AM
Piperacillin Ticaracillin Carbenicillin Azlocillin Mezlocillin |
|
|
What is the tx for local impetigo?
|
Topical Mupirocin
Oral Erythromycin |
|
|
What is the c/u for 2nd Gen Ceph's?
|
*HEN PEcKS (c = cocci)
H. Influenza E. Coli Neisseria Proteus Enterobacter cocci (Gram +) Klebsiella Serratia |
|
|
What is a 3rd Gen Ceph used to tx Gonorrhea?
|
Ceftriaxone
|
|
|
What are the Ceph's used for the tx of Gonorrhea?
|
*TRI to FIX a FOX
Cephtriaxone Cephfixitine Cephfoxitime |
|
|
What is the one-dose tx for Chlamydia?
|
Azithromycin
|
|
|
What is the MOA of Azithromycin?
|
"Blocking translocation from the A --> P site by binding the 23s subunit of the 50s ribosome
|
|
|
What is the c/u for Azithromycin?
|
*UPS Lost My Brand New Car
URI's (caused by Gram + cocci) Pneumonnia STD's (caused by Gram + cocci) Legionella Mycoplasma Bordatella Pertussus Neisseria Chlymdia |
|
|
What is the toxicity of Azithromycin?
|
Acute cholestatic hepetatis
Eosinophilia |
|
|
What is an alternative MOA for Erythromycin?
|
Binds motilin receptors, causing hypermotility of the gut
|
|
|
What is the primary and alternative MOA of Dimiclocycline (tetracycline)?
|
1. Inhibition of protein sysnthesis by preventing amino acyl tRNA attachment
2. Inhibition of ADH receptors |
|
|
What drugs block ADH receptors?
|
Dimiclocycline
Lithium |
|
|
What is the c/u for Dimiclocycline?
|
*VACUuM THe BR (Dimiclocycline = Tetracycline)
Vibrio Acne (Propionibacterium Acnes) Chlamydia Ureaplasma Urealytica Mycoplasm Tularemia H. Pylori Bordetella Rickettsia |
|
|
What is the toxicity of Dimiclocycline?
|
Discoloration of teeth (kids)
Abnormal bone growth (kids) Drug-Induced Pancreatitis Fanconi Syndrome (old tetracycline) |
|
|
What are all of the NRTI's, their 3-letter acronyms, and SE's?
|
All NRTI's: cause Lactic acidosis
Ziduvidine (AZT/ZDV) --Aplastic anemia --Megaloblastic anemia Didanosine (DDI) --Drug-induced pancreatitis Zalcytobine (DDC): --SJS --Peripheral neuropathy Lamuvidine (3TC) --only lactic acidosis Stavudine (D4T) --Peripheral neuropathy Abacavir (ABC) --Hypersensitivity syndrome |
|
|
What is the SE of Neveripine?
|
Hepatotoxicity
|
|
|
What HIV drug causes Thrombocytopenia?
|
Indinavir
|
|
|
What is the Toxicity of Indinavir?
|
Crystal-induced nephropathy
Thrombocytopenia |
|
|
What is the MOA of Indinavir?
|
Inhibiton of aspartate protease
|
|
|
Name all aspartate protease inhibitors?
|
*SIR AN (NAVIR tease a protease)
Saquinavir Indinavir Rotinavir Amprenavir Nelfinavir |
|
|
What is the MOA of Enfurvitide?
|
Binds to GP41 & prevents VIRAL & CELLULAR membrane fusion
|
|
|
What is the tx for African Trypanosomiasis (aka African Sleeping Sickness)?
|
Suramin
|
|
|
What is the tx for Chagas?
|
Nifurtimox
|
|
|
What is the tx for PCP?
|
1st: TMP/SMX"1st: TMP/SMX
2nd: Aerosolized Pentamidine 3rd: Dapsone NOTE: PCP = PneumoCystis Pneumonia BUG: Pneumocystis Jiroveci (formerly Pneumocystis Carinii) |
|
|
What is the c/u of Metronidazole?
|
*GET GAP
Giardia Entamoeba Trichamona Gardnerella Anaerobes H. Pylori |
|
|
What is the toxicity of Metronidazole?
|
Disulfram-like reaction with alcohol
Dysguzia Drug-induced pancreatitis Teratogenix |
|
|
What is the tx for bacterial vaginosis for pregnant pt's?
|
Metro cream
Clindamycin cream |
|
|
What is the tx for "latent Hypnozytes" (ovale & vivax) ?
|
Primaquine for latent vivax & ovale (otherwise tx = Chloroquine)
|
|
|
How do you tx a patient with Malaria who has just returned from Libya?
|
Chloraquine (Libya is above the Sahara Desert)
Note: Malaria from the indian subcontinent/subsahara is assumed to be resistent to Chloraquine & therefore, Methloquin is used instead |
|
|
What is meant by Indian Subcontinent?
|
Source = Wikipedia
Indian Subcontinent aka South Asia Typically includes: Sometimes Includes: India* Afganastan Pakistan Myanmur (formerly Burma) Bangladesh Tibet Sri Lanka Nepal Bhutan Maldives *New Dehli is the capital of the Republic of India |
|
|
What is meant by Subsahara?
|
Source = Wikipedia
"Source = Wikipedia Subsahara or Southern Africa aka Black Africa includes: Nubia (formerly Sudan and Ethiopia) Zimbabwe Mozambique Botswana Kenya Uganda Tanzania Sahul* *Sahul runs from the west coast to the east coast, forming the transition from N. Africa to Subsaharan Africa; Sahul includes: Mali, Niger, Chad, & Sudan |
|
|
What is the tx for Leishmaniasis ?
|
Pentavir Antimony
Na+ Stipigluconate |
|
|
What is the tx for Diphyllobothrium Latum?
|
Niclosemide
|
|
|
What is the tx for Schistosoma Mansoni?
|
Praziquental
|
|
|
What is the tx for Ascaris Lumbricoides?
|
Pyrantal Pamoate
|
|
|
What is the tx for Necator Americanis?
|
Pyrantal Pamoate followed by Mebendazole
|
|
|
What is the tx for Nematodes?
|
Mebendazole
|
|
|
What is the tx for Onchocerca (River Blindness)?
|
Ivermectin
|
|
|
What is the drug that inhibits the conversion of Acetyl CoA to ACh?
|
Vesimicol
|
|
|
What drug inhibits the release of ACh?
|
Botulinum Toxin
|
|
|
What drug inhibits the uptake of choline?
|
Hemicholinium
|
|
|
What drug inhibits the conversion of DA to NE?
|
Reserpine
|
|
|
What drug inhibits the release of NE?
|
Guanethidine
|
|
|
What drug stimulates the release of NE?
|
Amphetamine
|
|
|
What drug inhibits the re-uptake of NE?
|
Cocaine
TCA's |
|
|
What receptor stimulates NE release?
|
Angiotensin II
|
|
|
What receptor inhibits NE release?
|
M1 & a2
|
|
|
DAY 4:
|
DAY4
|
|
|
What is the MOA of Epinephrine?
|
B1 > B2 > a1 > a2
|
|
|
What is the MOA of NE?
|
a1/a2 > B1
Note: on day 4 he said a1/a2 > B2, however, on days 10 & 11 he said a1/a2 > B1 |
|
|
What is the MOA of Isoproterenol?
|
B1 = B2
|
|
|
What is the MOA of Dobutamine?
|
"*Dobutamine has a ""B""
|
|
|
What is the MOA of DA?
|
*DA has a ""D""
D1= D2 > B > a |
|
|
What is the MOA of Methylphenidate?
|
Stimulates release of stored Catecholamines (i.e. NE)
|
|
|
What is the MOA of PE?
|
a1 > a2
|
|
|
What is the MOA of Terbutaline?
|
B2 > B1
|
|
|
What is the MOA of a-Methyldopa?
|
Centrally acting a-agonist decreases central adrenergic outflow
|
|
|
What is the MOA of Fenooldepam?
|
D1 agonist
|
|
|
What are the non-selective a-blockers?
|
Phenoxybenzamine
Phentolamine |
|
|
How do you tell the non-selective a-blockers apart?
|
Phenoxybenzine is irreversible (both words have more letters)
Phentolamine is reversible (both words have less letters) |
|
|
What is the c/u of the non-selective a-blockers?
|
Pheochromacytoma
|
|
|
What is the SE's of the non-selective a-blockers?
|
Orthostatic Hypotension
Reflex Tachycardia |
|
|
What are the a1-blockers?
|
Prazosin
Terazosin Doxazosin |
|
|
What are the a1-A-blockers?
|
Tamsulosin (less SE's than a1-blockers)
|
|
|
What is the c/u of a1-blockers?
|
HTN
Smooth muscle-predominant BPH |
|
|
What is the tx of epithelial-predominant BPH?
|
Finasteride
|
|
|
What class of drug is Finesteride?
|
Synthetic Androgen
|
|
|
What is the MOA of Finesteride?
|
"Inhibition of 5-alpha-reductase (type II), the enzyme that converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone
|
|
|
What is the SE's of the a1-blockers?
|
Priapism (Prazosin)
1st dose Orthostatic Hypotension |
|
|
What are the a2-blockers?
|
Mirtazipine
Yohimbine |
|
|
What type of effects does Yohimbine have?
|
Stimulant and Aphrodisiac effects
|
|
|
What is the MOA of Mirtazapine?
|
a2, 5-HT2, & 5-HT3 receptors
|
|
|
What is the c/u of Mirtazapine?
|
Depression
|
|
|
What is the toxicity of Mirtazapine?
|
*1 causes 2 causes 3 causes 4
1. Increased appetite 2. Wt Gain 3. Increased Cholesterol 4. Sedation |
|
|
What is the c/u for B-Blockers?
|
Decr'd CVS:
decr'd CO decr'd renin secretion dec'd HR decr'd AV conduction Decr'd CNS: decr'd anxiety |
|
|
What is/are the SE(s) of B-Blockers?
|
Impotence
Exacerbates asthma Masks hypoglycemia in DM Cardiovascular efffects (bradycardia, AV block, CHF) CNS effects (sedation, sleep alteration) |
|
|
What is the tx of B-blocker toxicity?
|
Atropine followed by…
Glucagon |
|
|
What are the B1-selective blockers?
|
*A BEAM
Atenolol Butaxolol Esmolol Asbutelol Metoprolol *Also: A-M except C & L (Carbetelol & Labetolol) |
|
|
With what types of pt's can you use B1-selective blockers?
|
Asthmatics
|
|
|
What drugs decrease the secretion of aqueous humor?
|
*ABC-T
Acetazolamide Betaxolol Carteolol Timolol |
|
|
What drugs that decrease the formation of aqueous humor?
|
Briminodine
|
|
|
What is the MOA and drugs used to tx closed-angle Glaucoma?
|
Decr'd secretion: "ABC-T" Drugs:
Acetazolamide Betaxolol Carteolol Timolol Decr'd synthesis: Briminodine FYI: Shazhad said no Pilocarpine, h/w PP clue sheets lists closed-angle glaucoma as a use for Pilocarpine (?) |
|
|
What is the MOA and drugs used to tx open-angle Glaucoma?
|
Any Glaucoma drug
|
|
|
What are the DA agonists?
|
*CPR LAB
Caberoline Promipexole Ropinerole Levadopa/Carbidopa Amantidine Bromocriptine |
|
|
What Parkinson's drug inhibits MAO-B?
|
Selegiline
|
|
|
What Parkinson's drug is an a-muscarinic?
|
Benztropine
|
|
|
What Parkinson's drugs are COMT inhibitors?
|
Talcapone
Entacapone |
|
|
What is the toxicity of Levadopa?
|
Arrythmia
Dyskinesia |
|
|
What drug is a 5HT-1D agonist?
|
Sumatriptan
|
|
|
What is the c/u of Sumatriptan?
|
Migraines
Cludter headaches |
|
|
When & Why is Sumatriptan contraindicated?
|
Due to risk of vasospasm, Sumatriptan is contraindicated in:
Pregnancy (must order pregnancy test first) Praziquental angina CAD |
|
|
What are the features of Partial Simple Seizures?
|
Localized (i.e. partial)
Epileptic features -seeing spots -disorientation -hallucinations NO loss of consciousness (i.e. simple) |
|
|
What are the features of Partial Complex Seizures?
|
Localized (i.e. partial)
Epileptic features -seeing spots -disorientation -hallucinations LOSS of consciousness (i.e. complex) |
|
|
What are the features of Absence Seizures?
|
Generalized (i.e. involves the entire brain)
LOSS of consciousness Stares into space (""absent"") No epileptic features/muscle involvement |
|
|
What are the features of Myoclonic Seizures?
|
Generalized (i.e. involves the entire brain)
Epileptic features -seeing spots -disorientation -hallucinations LOSS of consciousness Brief, involuntary twitching of a muscle or a group of muscles |
|
|
What are the features of Tonic-Clonic Seizures?
|
Generalized (i.e. involves the entire brain)
Epileptic features -seeing spots -disorientation -hallucinations LOSS of consciousness Flopping around on the ground |
|
|
What are the features of Status Epilepticus?
|
Generalized (i.e. involves the entire brain)
Epileptic features -seeing spots -disorientation -hallucinations LOSS of consciousness Flopping around on the ground FOR 20 - 30 MINUTES |
|
|
What is the tx for Trigeminal Neuralgia?
|
Carbamazepine
|
|
|
What is the tx for Peripheral Neuropathy?
|
Gabapentin
|
|
|
What is the tx for Shooting Pain?
|
Amitriptyline
|
|
|
What is the DOC for Epilepsy in pregnant women?
|
Phenobarbital
|
|
|
What is the DOC for Myoclonic Seizures?
|
Valproic Acid
|
|
|
What is the DOC for Pre-Eclampsia?
|
Decrease BP by administering:
Labetolol a-Methyldopa |
|
|
What is the DOC for Eclampsia?
|
Mg2+ Sulfate followed by...
Benzodiazapines |
|
|
What is the DOC for Tonic-Clonic Seizures?
|
1. Carbamazepine (#2) ??
2. Valproic Acid (#1) ?? 3. Phenytoin |
|
|
What is the DOC for Absence Seizures?
|
1. Ethosuximide
2. Valproic Acid |
|
|
What is the tx for Status Epilepticus?
|
Treatment:
Benzodiazepines (DOC) & Intubation Prophylaxis: Phenytoin |
|
|
What is the tx for Febrile Seizures?
|
Anti-Pyretic
|
|
|
What is the tx for Infantile Spasms (US)?
|
Intermuscular ACTH
|
|
|
What is the MOA of Carbamazepine?
|
Blocks Na+ Channels
|
|
|
What are the anti-seizure drugs that block Na+ Channels?
|
*Long-Term CPA
Lamotrigine Topiramate Carbamazepine Phenytoin Valproic Acid (A = Acid) |
|
|
What is the MOA of Phenobarbital?
|
Increase duration of Cl- Channel opening --> Increased GABA
|
|
|
What are all the anti-seizure drugs that increase GABA?
|
*GBP TV
Gabapentin Benzodiazepines Phenobarbital Topiramate Valproic Acid |
|
|
What is the MOA for the DOC used to tx Absence Seizures?
|
DOC = Ethosuxamide
MOA: Blocks thalamic Type II Ca2+ channels |
|
|
What is the MOA of Ethambutol?
|
Blocks Arabinosyl Transferase
NOTE: Ethambutol and Ethosuxamide are very similar in name, but are vastly different in MOA, c/u, & SE's. |
|
|
What is the toxicity of Topiramate?
|
Mental dulling
Renal stones Wt loss |
|
|
What is the toxicity of Gabapentin?
|
Movement disorders
Nystagmus Wt loss |
|
|
What is the toxicity of Lamotrigine?
|
SJS
|
|
|
What anti-seizure drugs cause SJS?
|
Lamotrigine
Ethosuxamide |
|
|
What is the toxicity of Ethosuxamide?
|
SJS
SLE Urticaria = mild form of SJS |
|
|
What drugs cause drug-induced SLE?
|
*HIPPPE
Hydralazine INH Procainamide Phenytoin Penicillamine Ethosuxamide |
|
|
What is the toxicity of Carbamazepine?
|
Ataxia
Diplopia Teratogenic Hepatotoxicity Agranulocytosis |
|
|
What are the drugs that cause Agranulocytosis?
|
Clozapine
Colchicine Carbamazepine PTU Dapsone Ticlopidine Methimazole |
|
|
What are the SE's of Phenytoin (one of the top 10 drugs tested on USMLE)?
|
*Indian men want a wife who is ""LIGHT-skinned AND MMPSS""
Lymphadenopathy Induces P450 Gingival Hyperplasia Hirsutism Teratogenic (Fetal Hydantoin Syndrome) Ataxia Nystagmus Diplopia Megaloblastic anemia Malignant Hyperthermia Peripheral Neuropathy SLE Sedation |
|
|
What are the SE's of Valproic Acid (one of the top 10 drugs tested on USMLE)?
|
Fetal Hepatotoxicity
Neural Tube Defects Drug-Induced Pancreatitis |
