Pas642 Immunology & Inflammation

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Antigen

Back 1

Foreign proteins that stimulate an immune response

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Antibodies

Back 2

Immuno-reactive protein made in response to exposure to a foreign antigen (Ag)

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B-lymphocytes

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The precursor to plasma cells that make antibodies specific to each Ag

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T-lymphocytes

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Agranulated white blood cells that attack infected/mutant/foreign cells and regulate the immune response

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Arthus Reaction

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A local antibody-mediated hypersensitivity reaction in which antibody-antigen complexes which fix complement are deposited in the walls of small vessels causing acute inflammation with an infiltration of neutrophils. Characteristic of type III hypersensitivity reactions

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Histimine

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Inflammatory Mediator
One of the first mediators of inflammatory response causes dilation and increased permeability of capillaries

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Prostaglandins

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Inflammatory Mediator
Increase the effect of histamines and promote platelet aggregation increasing the viscosity of the local blood supply slowing down flow so other mediators can work and to increase adhesion

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Leukotrienes

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Inflammatory Mediator
Chemotaxis and extravasation of neutrophils, eosinophils and monocytes

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Platelet Activating Factor (PAF)

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Inflammatory Mediator
Induces platelet aggregation, activates neutrophils and attracts eosinophils

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Cytokines

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Inflammatory Mediator
Produced mainly by lymphocytes and macrophages, multiple local but mainly systemic mediating functions

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Complement

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Inflammatory Mediator
Vasodilation and increased permeability, Leukocyte (activation, adhesion and chemotaxis), Augments phagocytosis, Opsonization

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Nitric Oxide

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Inflammatory Mediator
Antagonism of platelet function (increases adhesion) and reduction of leukocyte recruitment (negative feedback loop)

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Granuloma

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Small (1 to 2 mm) lesion with mass of macrophages surrounded by lymphocytes

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Leukocytosis

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Increase in the white blood cells > 15,000

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Leukocytopenia

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Decrease in white blood cells

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Shift to the Left

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Descriptive of a high cell count due to increase in immature neutrophils

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Neutrophilia

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Descriptive of an increase in neutrophils predictive of bacterial infections

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Neutropenia

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Descriptive of a decrease in neutrophils predictive of viral infections

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Eosinophilia

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Descriptive of an increases in this type of leukocyte (wbc) is predictive of parasitic and allergic response

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Lymphocytosis

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Descriptive of an increase in lymphocytes predictive viral infections

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Lymphadenitis

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Descriptive of a localized acute or chronic inflammation of lymph nodes